https://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Seymour+JacklinHandcrafted Policy - User contributions [en]2026-11-08T16:29:16ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.42.3https://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Template:Policies_List&diff=741Template:Policies List2026-11-06T10:42:55Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
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<div>* [[Behaviour Management Plan]]<br />
* [[CCTV Review Policy]]<br />
* [[Complaints Policy]]<br />
* [[Confidentiality Policy]]<br />
* [[Conflict of Interest Policy]]<br />
* [[Cyber Policy]]<br />
* [[Data Privacy Notice]]<br />
* [[Driving Policy]]<br />
* [[Equal Opportunities Policy]]<br />
* [[Finance Policy]]<br />
* [[Health and Safety Policy]]<br />
* [[Hot Desk Policy]]<br />
* [[HR Policy]]<br />
* [[Information Advice and Guidance (IAG) Policy]]<br />
* [[Leave & Absence Policy]]<br />
* [[Lone Working Policy]]<br />
* [[Mileage Policy]]<br />
* [[Missing Child Policy]]<br />
* [[Missing Persons Policy]]<br />
* [[Modern Day Slavery Statement]]<br />
* [[On Call Working Policy]]<br />
* [[Recruitment Policy]]<br />
* [[Safeguarding Children Policy]]<br />
* [[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy]]<br />
* [[Staff Wellbeing Policy]]<br />
* [[Statement of Purpose: Young People's Teams]]<br />
* [[Supported Employment Policy]]<br />
* [[Supported Housing Policy]]<br />
* [[Training Policy]]<br />
* [[Volunteer Policy]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Workforce_Plan:_Engage_Hub&diff=740Workforce Plan: Engage Hub2026-11-06T10:42:15Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Seymour Jacklin moved page Workforce Plan: Engage Hub to Workforce Plan: Young People's Teams</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Workforce Plan: Young People's Teams]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Workforce_Plan:_Young_People%27s_Teams&diff=739Workforce Plan: Young People's Teams2026-11-06T10:42:15Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Seymour Jacklin moved page Workforce Plan: Engage Hub to Workforce Plan: Young People's Teams</p>
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<div><br />
At Handcrafted, we recognise that the development and well-being of our workforce are key to providing excellent services to young people and the wider community.<br />
<br />
This workforce plan outlines our approach to staff qualifications, induction, training, supervision, and professional development, ensuring that our team is equipped to support young people safely and effectively.<br />
<br />
This plan will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
![[Deputy Director of Operations: Young People|'''Deputy Director of Operations: Young People''']]<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|28/11/2024<br />
|}<br />
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= Experience and Qualifications of Staff and Managers =<br />
<br />
Staff take part in mandatory training cycle over the course of a year (see Annex 1). Staff’s participation in training is monitored and recorded by their line manager. Any additional training and professional development will be identified and pursued by the registered service manager.<br />
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A current list of our staff with their experience and qualifications is available on request by emailing the Deputy Director of Operations: Young People.<br />
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= Staff Induction and Core Training =<br />
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An induction plan is agreed with staff on their first day and completed in the three-month probationary period (See Annex 2). <br />
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The following must be completed within the first two weeks, before staff can receive their 'blueshirt':<br />
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* Safeguarding training delivered by the Senior Support Worker.<br />
* Record-keeping training.<br />
* Internal induction videos covering: Handcrafted's solution-focused and person-centred approach; confidentiality and disclosure; conditioning awareness; lone working basics; principles of risk assessment.<br />
* Online training: NCSC Cyber Security; Prevent Awareness and Suicide Awareness Training.<br />
* Understanding Handcrafted's key policies and procedures, including safeguarding and Health & Safety.<br />
* Meeting young people in Handcrafted activities and houses.<br />
* Staff shadowing.<br />
Further role-specific training and induction tasks are covered by the induction plan, to be completed within the probationary period.<br />
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= Staff Probation =<br />
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For all staff, there is a probationary period of three months, unless otherwise agreed by their line manager. At the end of this period the position will be reviewed and if satisfactory the continuation of employment will be confirmed.<br />
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During the first week, line managers will discuss with staff the expectations for induction and the probationary period. Probation will be passed if: <br />
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* all induction tasks have been completed.<br />
* both the line manager and staff member are satisfied that the role responsibilities outlined in the job description can be carried out with confidence and competence.<br />
* the line manager has no significant concerns about general performance, work ethic and alignment with Handcrafted's mission and values.<br />
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If these criteria have not been met, the probationary period will either be extended or failed.<br />
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= Poor Performance =<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to providing high-quality support and housing services to young people in compliance with ACAS (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) guidelines. We recognise the importance of maintaining a skilled and motivated workforce to achieve this goal. To address and improve poor staff performance, we have developed a [[Capability Policy]].<br />
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= Staff Supervision and Monitoring =<br />
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Staff will meet with their manager weekly to discuss ongoing workflow and individual concerns or challenges.<br />
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Staff will have a Personal Development Review (PDR) with their line manager every 6 months. The PDR is an opportunity for staff to reflect on their role, share any wellbeing concerns, identify training needs, set targets for the next 6 months and receive feedback from their line manager. Any concerns relating to performance and capability will be followed up in line with the [[Capability Policy]].<br />
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Notes and decisions from supervisions will be stored on to refer to in future meetings. <br />
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= Review =<br />
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The registered person will keep this plan under review, and where appropriate, revise it, and make a copy of the workforce plan available on request to Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills (CIECSS).<br />
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The registered person will report to the board of trustees on a quarterly basis to confirm that the plan has been satisfactorily reviewed.<br />
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= Annex 1 - Handcrafted Staff Training =<br />
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Over the course of a calendar year, Handcrafted staff take part in fortnightly whole staff training on the following topics, including:<br />
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* Strategic plan, including mission and values (empowerment, community, creativity, and empathy)<br />
* Handcrafted Empowerment Matrix (living space, using time, coping strategies, social life, self-confidence)<br />
* Safeguarding, including UK Government Prevent<br />
* Suicide Prevention (including online certification)<br />
* Addictions<br />
* Personality disorders<br />
* Domestic abuse and coercive control<br />
* Hazards of helping, including conditioning and lone working<br />
* Developmental trauma, including trauma informed conversations.<br />
* Solution focused therapy and conversations<br />
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In addition, support workers have monthly meetings to discuss best practice and work through case studies with a senior support worker.<br />
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Many staff are also trained in first aid and food safety.<br />
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= Annex 2 - Handcrafted Staff Induction =<br />
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'''Pre-induction:'''<br />
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* Uniform to be arranged.<br />
* Send over links to DBS.<br />
* Obtain two references.<br />
* IT setup.<br />
* Initial timetable to be arranged and emailed in advance.<br />
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'''Induction expectations for line managers:'''<br />
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* Meet with staff at least once a month during probationary period to review their work/settling in.<br />
* Meet at the end of probationary period to review their work.<br />
* Arrange a ‘shadow’ day with another member of staff who has the same job role.<br />
* Everything on induction checklist to be completed within 3 month probationary period.<br />
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'''IT - Systems Support Officer'''<br />
<br />
* Set-up email account<br />
* Access to Google Drive and Calendar<br />
* Access to Airtable/Airtable forms<br />
* Arrange work laptop/phone<br />
* Holiday booking procedure<br />
* Mileage/expenses forms<br />
* Contact details, photo consent, medical details and next of kin details recorded (Airtable)<br />
<br />
'''Admin – Line Manager'''<br />
<br />
* Job overview and expectations (and how this role fits into the organisation as a whole)<br />
* Account details and P46 completed and forwarded to finance<br />
* Sign contract<br />
* Working hours expectations<br />
* Personal mental-health care, stress, and external debriefing<br />
* Initial supervision and personal success plan meeting<br />
* Book in monthly reviews<br />
* Get a set of keys (if appropriate/necessary)<br />
* Uniform<br />
* Book First Aid training<br />
* Add to WhatsApp groups<br />
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'''DBS/Safeguarding – Designated Safeguarding Lead'''<br />
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* DBS self-certification complete and return to safeguarding lead<br />
* DBS document check<br />
* DBS certificate received<br />
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'''Record Keeping - Senior Support Worker'''<br />
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* Record-keeping good practice<br />
* Airtable notes (and what happens to them)<br />
* When to flag a safeguarding concern (and what happens)<br />
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'''Training''' '''- Training Manager'''<br />
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* Person-centred approach video<br />
* Safeguarding video<br />
* Confidentiality and disclosure video<br />
* Conditioning Awareness video<br />
* Lone Working video<br />
* Risk Assessment video<br />
* Privacy and devices policy<br />
* Prevent (online training)<br />
* Suicide prevention (online training)<br />
<br />
'''Familiarisation - Line Manager'''<br />
<br />
* Meet team colleagues<br />
* Meet Dan<br />
* Meet John<br />
* Strategic plan, mission and values conversation<br />
* Organisational overview<br />
* Durham hub visit<br />
* Gateshead hub visit<br />
* CLS hub visit<br />
* Practical workshop session and induction<br />
* Tour of housing<br />
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= Annex 3 - Capability Policy =<br />
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This policy applies to all employees of Handcrafted, including full-time, part-time, and temporary staff. The purpose of this Capability Policy is to:<br />
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* Identify and address instances of poor staff performance in a fair and supportive manner.<br />
* Promote continuous improvement and professional development among our employees.<br />
* Ensure compliance with ACAS guidelines in managing staff performance.<br />
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== Principles ==<br />
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=== Early Intervention ===<br />
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Poor performance concerns will be addressed promptly through open and supportive communication.<br />
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Supervisors and managers will provide regular feedback and coaching to help employees improve their performance.<br />
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=== Supportive Approach ===<br />
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Handcrafted is committed to supporting employees in their efforts to improve performance.<br />
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Employees will be encouraged to participate in training and development programs to enhance their skills.<br />
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=== Fair and Objective Assessment ===<br />
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Performance issues will be assessed objectively, considering relevant factors such as workload, resources, and personal circumstances.<br />
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Employees will have the opportunity to provide input and evidence related to their performance.<br />
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=== Training and Development ===<br />
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Handcrafted will provide access to training and development opportunities to help employees enhance their skills and address performance gaps.<br />
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=== Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) ===<br />
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If an employee's performance remains unsatisfactory after initial interventions, a formal Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) may be implemented.<br />
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The PIP will outline clear expectations, goals, timelines, and support mechanisms to help the employee improve their performance.<br />
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=== Review and Monitoring ===<br />
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Progress under the PIP will be reviewed regularly.<br />
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Managers and employees will discuss progress and make necessary adjustments to the plan as needed.<br />
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=== Dismissal as a Last Resort ===<br />
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Dismissal will only be considered as a last resort when all reasonable efforts to support performance improvement have been exhausted.<br />
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== Procedure ==<br />
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=== Informal Stage ===<br />
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The line manager or supervisor will discuss concerns regarding poor performance with the employee.<br />
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The employee will be provided with constructive feedback and offered support, including access to training and resources.<br />
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=== Formal Stage (Performance Improvement Plan - PIP) ===<br />
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If poor performance persists, the employee will be invited to a formal meeting to discuss the implementation of a PIP.<br />
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The PIP will be documented in writing and shared with the employee.<br />
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The employee will have the opportunity to review and discuss the PIP and provide input.<br />
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=== Review Meetings ===<br />
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Regular review meetings will be scheduled to monitor progress under the PIP.<br />
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Adjustments to the plan may be made if necessary.<br />
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=== Consideration of Further Actions ===<br />
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If performance does not improve despite the PIP, further actions, including dismissal, may be considered in accordance with Handcrafted HR policies.<br />
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=== Confidentiality ===<br />
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All information related to staff performance, including discussions, meetings, and PIPs, will be treated confidentially in line with data protection regulations and Handcrafted policies.<br />
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=== Appeals ===<br />
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Employees have the right to appeal decisions made under this Capability Policy. Appeals should be made in writing to the HR department, and the appeal process will be conducted in accordance with Handcrafted HR policies.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Statement_of_Purpose:_Engage_Hub&diff=738Statement of Purpose: Engage Hub2026-11-06T10:40:31Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Seymour Jacklin moved page Statement of Purpose: Engage Hub to Statement of Purpose: Young People's Teams</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Statement of Purpose: Young People's Teams]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Statement_of_Purpose:_Young_People%27s_Teams&diff=737Statement of Purpose: Young People's Teams2026-11-06T10:40:31Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Seymour Jacklin moved page Statement of Purpose: Engage Hub to Statement of Purpose: Young People's Teams</p>
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<div>At Handcrafted, we believe in creating safe, empowering spaces where young people can develop independence and thrive in their communities.<br />
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This Statement of Purpose outlines the provision of supported accommodation services for looked after children and care leavers aged 16/17, detailing our accommodation, support, organisational structure, safeguarding measures, and complaints procedures.<br />
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This statement will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| Group or individual responsible for review || [[Deputy Director of Operations: Young People|'''Deputy Director of Operations: Young People''']]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Last review and approval''' || 16/02/26<br />
|}<br />
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= Overview =<br />
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== Registered Address ==<br />
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Handcrafted Projects, Unit 21 Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
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== Registered Manager ==<br />
<br />
VACANCY (covered by Dan Northover pending appointment of new Registered Manager)<br />
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== Categories of Supported Accommodation ==<br />
<br />
Categories 1 and 2<br />
<br />
== Mission Statement ==<br />
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Handcrafted's mission is to connect with the most excluded people in society and offer support, housing, training, and opportunities that can empower them to turn their own lives around.<br />
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== Handcrafted Ethos ==<br />
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Handcrafted have four key values that underpin all support offered to young people. They are:<br />
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* Creativity - everyone can make something to be proud of<br />
* Empathy - we will walk through challenges together, shoulder to shoulder.<br />
* Empowerment - everyone can learn to take back control in their lives.<br />
* Community - we accept people just as they are, and we support each other.<br />
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== Charitable Objectives ==<br />
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* To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society.<br />
* The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
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== Principles ==<br />
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We are dedicated to offering holistic support that empowers individuals and fosters their growth, well-being, and independence. Our policy is built upon a foundation of key principles that guide our approach to housing provision and support services:<br />
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=== Person-Centred Approach ===<br />
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At Handcrafted, we place individuals at the heart of everything we do. Our person-centred approach ensures that each resident's unique needs, preferences, and aspirations are at the forefront of their support journey. We believe in recognizing and respecting the inherent dignity of every person, tailoring our services to create a supportive environment that truly values and celebrates individuality.<br />
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=== Trauma-Informed Care ===<br />
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Understanding the impact of trauma is essential to our approach. Our trauma-informed care recognizes the potential histories of adversity that our residents may carry. We aim to create a safe, empathetic, and non-judgmental space that acknowledges and responds to trauma, fostering healing and resilience.<br />
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=== Strengths-Based Perspective ===<br />
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Every individual possesses strengths, talents, and capabilities. Our strengths-based perspective seeks to uncover and amplify these inherent qualities, empowering residents to harness their potential and build a foundation for personal growth and self-sufficiency.<br />
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=== Appropriate Risk Taking and Harm Reduction ===<br />
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We understand that growth often involves taking risks. Our approach to risk-taking emphasizes informed decision-making and harm reduction. We encourage appropriate risk-taking that supports residents in exploring new opportunities while minimizing potential harm, enabling them to navigate their path to independence with confidence.<br />
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=== Solution-Focused Approach ===<br />
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Our solution-focused methodology directs our efforts toward identifying practical and actionable solutions. We collaborate with residents to overcome challenges and barriers, working together to create a positive and constructive path forward.<br />
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= Accommodation Provision =<br />
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Handcrafted accommodation for young people is for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and children in care preparing for independence. We anticipate young people (16-25 years old) living in Handcrafted accommodation; with each house containing between one and six young people dependent on support needs identified at the point of referral and through regular in-house and multi-agency reviews.<br />
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All Handcrafted properties' appropriateness is reviewed at least annually, incorporating both the fabric of the building and local area. When young people move into Handcrafted housing, it is made clear to young people that Handcrafted is a service available for as long as required. As an operator of supported housing for adults, we anticipate that a number of young people will continue to require support after their eighteenth birthday. All young people sign a license agreement with Handcrafted when they move in, which is not time limited or age dependent. All rights and terms and conditions are outlined in this.<br />
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As part of the support for young people, support workers do regular house checks to communal areas, and to individual bedrooms where appropriate. These checks ensure that the space is furnished well; that the space feels safe and secure; identifying and removing any hazards; ensuring there are no additional fire and health and safety risks; and that any maintenance tasks are passed on to our housing team in a timely fashion.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted ensure that young people feel their space feels like it is their own. We encourage young people to personalise and decorate the house, which support workers help with (painting, putting up pictures etc.). Handcrafted involve young people in all decisions about their living space to suit their individual needs and personalities.<br />
<br />
When young people start living in a Handcrafted house, we ensure that they are registered with a GP within the first three days of living there, and are registered with a dentist and optician within the first two weeks of moving in. Within the first two weeks, support workers also have conversations with young people about what their interests and needs are, and Handcrafted staff find and liaise with services in the community which young people can access. They can be statutory services (e.g education, healthcare) or tailored to interests and lifestyle (e.g religious groups, sports clubs, barbers, shops, gyms). Support workers will explore the local area with young people identify opportunities for community and social integration and assist young people to be involved. We help young people attend all appointments and access college and groups they are interested in.<br />
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Handcrafted provide community activities to gather young people who in the first instance struggle to engage with wider community activities. We run catering sessions which we invite young people to take part in or to teach other young people how to cook. We have regular meals where we eat together, to build safe friendships between young people within Handcrafted's service and similar young people living with other providers. We run cultural activities for all young people to experience the local area, and to explore parts of their immediate community and other parts of the North East.<br />
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Our housing has doorbell cameras which staff can access. We do not have surveillance inside the properties to respect privacy of the young people. All young people are informed about the doorbell cameras and understand that the purpose is not to spy on them, but rather to keep them and their living space safe. Doorbell cameras are regularly reviewed to check the safety of the young people. As part of our regular house checks, support workers check that the external and internal doors are lockable and safe.<br />
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All our houses and bedrooms have adequate internet connection. Support workers ensure that young people have mobile credit, allowing them to call Handcrafted staff or other services in the event of emergency. Provision of basic items is similar between category 1 and 2 housing, outlined below.<br />
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== Category 1 - Single Occupancy ==<br />
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Each single occupancy house or flat has a bedroom, a kitchen, bathroom and lounge/living space. Handcrafted provide all furniture reasonably expected (bed, mattress, bedding, wardrobe, drawers, desk and chair, towels, sofas, dining table, oven and hobs, microwave, kettle, toaster, kitchen equipment, television, washing machine, airer).<br />
<br />
== Category 2 - Shared Housing ==<br />
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Each young person has a private lockable bedroom. Each bedroom is supplied with the following: bed, mattress, bedding, wardrobe, drawers, desk, chair and towels. Each house then has a shared kitchen, bathroom and lounge/living space. Handcrafted provide all furniture reasonably expected (sofas, dining table, oven and hobs, microwave, kettle, toaster, kitchen equipment, television, washing machine, airer).<br />
<br />
Any additional individual needs for any space is adapted for the young person. Whether at point of referral, or during ongoing visits, support workers identify any issues that arise and work out solutions with young people (e.g., young people observing a halal diet have to go out of County Durham to buy halal food, so our support workers put time aside to drive them to a halal shop every week).<br />
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= Organisational Structure =<br />
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== Support Provision ==<br />
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Handcrafted promote an asset-based approach to all work with young people. Through identifying strengths and passions with young people, we shape our support to empower them to turn their lives around to pursue positive things in their lives. We regularly consult young people in key working sessions about what they want to strive for, and break that down to manageable steps for that week/period. Through key working sessions, support workers remind young people what their entitlements are. Young people are reminded this is also in their license agreement. If young people have a question about the license agreement, through difficulty understanding or reading it, staff will ensure they read this for young people and talk them through any arising issues.<br />
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Support workers attend appointments with young people, work to a personalised independent living plan, and work on individualised progression routes. We help young people take steps towards independent living in the community without needing Handcrafted support.<br />
<br />
Support workers offer individually tailored support in key working settings, helping young people learn key skills for adulthood including budgeting, healthy routines and positive coping strategies. Staff create a independent living plan, outlining parts of independent living that young people can do unaided, and parts that still need support. This is reviewed weekly as part of our support planning meetings.<br />
<br />
The support workers also organise and deliver group activities, providing supportive community settings for peer-learning and to build positive relationships between young people. A mix of social activities and practical skills training helps young people identify and build on their own strengths to grow their own identity and sense of purpose. We work on this unaccredited training whether young people are attending other education or not.<br />
<br />
As young people feel a sense of belonging to a community, they grow in confidence and motivation, developing their sense of self-worth. This empowers them to face the difficulties of transitioning into adulthood, with the added challenges of leaving the care system or starting life in a new country and community. Our support workers help them access other key services for social integration, including health, employment and financial appointments, formal education and local amenities such as gyms and green spaces.<br />
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= Safety & Integration =<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff receive regular training about safeguarding in line with our safeguarding policy for adults and children. As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all staff members. These include:<br />
<br />
* [[Record Keeping Quick Guide|Record Keeping Guidelines]] - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant.<br />
* [[Lone Working Essentials|Lone Working Policy]] - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working.<br />
* [[Confidentiality Essentials|Confidentiality Guidance]] - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff work with young people to access medical appointments and support for physical and mental health issues. As part of our induction for young people, we ensure all young people understand how and when to contact the emergency services in critical moments.<br />
<br />
External contacts for staff reporting incidents for adults and children are outlined in the safeguarding policy.<br />
<br />
= Complaints & Protection =<br />
<br />
Handcrafted encourages young people to comment on the standard and quality of the services received. This information can be used to improve the service and to address bad practice.<br />
<br />
Complaints by or on behalf of young people can be raised with Dan Northover (dan@handcrafted.org.uk). If the complaint is about Dan Northover, then this can be raised with Charlotte Clarke (Chair of Trustees - charlotte.clarke36f@gmail.com). The appropriate individual will then supply the complaints policy.<br />
<br />
A person involved in the support or protection of a young person can access child protection policies by asking their registered manager.<br />
<br />
== Complaints Procedure ==<br />
<br />
Handcrafted encourages young people to comment on the standard and quality of the services received. This information can be used to improve the service and to address bad practice. For the full procedure see our [[Complaints Policy|Complaints Policy]]<br />
<br />
Complaints can be made for a number of reasons:<br />
<br />
* Substandard quality of service<br />
* Behaviour of a member of staff<br />
* Poor attitude of a staff member<br />
* Not providing adequate support<br />
<br />
Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the complaints procedure. Only those staff that need to know about the complaint will have access to details.<br />
<br />
Management support will be offered to young person from the outset of a complaint. Access to independent advice or help will assist with overcoming many of the barriers that young people may encounter. This may be from friends, relatives, advice centres or local advocacy group.<br />
<br />
Complaints may take the form of a formal letter or email addressed to a member of the Handcrafted management team, or they may be made verbally when an individual states that they wish to make a complaint, which will then be recorded in writing and referred to the line manager at the appropriate level.<br />
<br />
All complaints will initially be dealt with by the Manager. The complaint will be acknowledged within 3 days of receipt and will be responded to within 10 days. If the matter can be sorted out quickly and to the satisfaction of the young person at this stage, it will not be necessary to treat it as a formal complaint.<br />
<br />
All complaints, whether formal or informal, are always discussed through the line management structure and are logged.<br />
<br />
== Contact Details for Complaints ==<br />
<br />
'''Name:''' Dan Northover<br />
<br />
'''Role:''' CEO<br />
<br />
'''Postal Address:''' Handcrafted Projects, Unit 21 Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
<br />
'''Email Address:''' dan@handcrafted.org.uk<br />
<br />
'''Name:''' Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
'''Role:''' Chair of Trustees<br />
<br />
'''Postal Address:''' Handcrafted Projects, Unit 21 Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
<br />
'''Email Address:''' charlotte.clarke36f@gmail.com</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On-Call_Quick_Guide&diff=734On-Call Quick Guide2026-10-30T11:16:41Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: added training video link</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a brief guide for quick reference while you're on call. It summarises the key points from on-call training. Use it as a refresher if you've done the training and want a reminder, or as a first orientation if you're new to being on call. A more detailed policy is being developed to sit behind this guide; please speak to your line manager or Dan Northover when in doubt about what to do.<br />
<br />
Before you are authorised to be on the on-call rota, you will need to complete the training video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7k4QASA6x0I<br />
<br />
== The on-call rotas ==<br />
<br />
We currently run two rotas. The '''Hummingbird rota''' is covered by the Hummingbird team leads, given the complexity of the scenarios involved; if you're not on that team, you're very unlikely to be asked to cover it. The '''Engage rota''' covers Tyne & Wear, Durham, and Middlesbrough together. This means more ground to cover when you're on call for Engage, but you'll be on call less often as a result.<br />
<br />
== Before you go on call ==<br />
<br />
Before covering a shift, make sure you have:<br />
<br />
* '''Key safe information''' for every property you may get a call from.<br />
* '''Camera access tested in advance:''' don't find out a login fails at 2am.<br />
* '''The EDT number''' for every area you're covering that night.<br />
* '''Manager contact details''', and a clear sense of when you'd need to escalate to them.<br />
* '''Emergency contractor information''', gas and electricity guidance, and a registered supermarket app or delivery service.<br />
* '''Laptop and Airtable access''' for every resident in your area; your phone alone won't always be enough.<br />
* '''Your preferred on-call number confirmed in advance''', and know how to get the line transferred to it correctly.<br />
* '''The Zecure X app signed in and working''' (see [[#Lone working and the Zecure X app|Lone working and the Zecure X app]]).<br />
* '''A signposting guide''' for your area, saved somewhere you can actually find it at short notice.<br />
<br />
If you're missing any of this, speak to a manager in advance so you're properly set up before you're on call. It's also worth knowing the basics of troubleshooting common issues in the properties you cover, as this can save an unnecessary call-out. Talk to your team about the quirks of your properties and what's worked before.<br />
<br />
== Step 1: First contact and assessing risk ==<br />
<br />
'''Pause and respond, rather than panic and react.''' Before deciding anything, think through:<br />
<br />
* What's the actual risk?<br />
* What information do I need to understand the situation properly?<br />
* Can this be resolved safely without attending? (This is always our preference, while still being ready to attend if genuinely needed.)<br />
* Am I responding to pressure, or to genuine urgency? Pressure might come from you, particularly if you're new to being on call, or from a determined young person. Agreeing to everything asked of you isn't the same as keeping someone safe.<br />
<br />
Aim to respond to first contact within 30 minutes. It's fine to tell a young person you're going to look into things and call them back shortly, rather than deciding under pressure with them on the line.<br />
<br />
== Step 2: Check the safety plan, curfew and visitors ==<br />
<br />
Review the safety plan to understand any known risks: violence, aggression, substance use, or community issues. Every young person has their own '''individual curfew''', agreed with them; not a blanket 11pm default. Check what someone's actual curfew is rather than assuming. We don't track every young person's return; that isn't feasible. For a small number of young people with a specific, known risk, a safety plan may set a fixed return time; check for this.<br />
<br />
The safety plan will also list '''safe contacts''' approved to visit, and may include '''restrictions on providing food''' or other items. If you're not sure where to find a young person's information, ask a manager in advance.<br />
<br />
== Step 3: Decide the response ==<br />
<br />
Consider the full range of options before attending in person:<br />
<br />
* Remote advice, reassurance, or problem-solving over the phone.<br />
* Signposting to the right service.<br />
* A planned check-in (this doesn't have to be you, as long as the handover is clear).<br />
* An in-person visit. This is the exception, not the default, and only once you've confirmed it's safe and the on-call manager knows you're lone working.<br />
<br />
If you do need to attend somewhere unfamiliar, do a quick location risk assessment: think about parking, lighting, and consider carrying a personal alarm between the car and the property. If you're lone working, share your location through the Zecure X app (see below).<br />
<br />
'''Contact EDT for advice or to report a concern whenever you're unsure. You will never get into trouble for calling EDT.''' It's always better to call than to sit at home wondering if you should have. For a live emergency, it's always '''999 first''', before anything else.<br />
<br />
=== If a young person needs to attend A&E ===<br />
<br />
* You can or should attend, but for a maximum of '''2 hours'''.<br />
* After that you have permission to leave. Give the ward or A&E the on-call number, and arrange to check in with the young person or ask for updates.<br />
* This is a principle, not a rule. If you're unsure, work it through with the on-call manager.<br />
* The right response depends on the young person, so read their safety plan for any guidance.<br />
<br />
=== Risk of suicide: attending in person ===<br />
<br />
For a young person at immediate risk to life, '''999 is always the first call.''' Stay calm, keep them talking, and try to establish where they are as early as possible; staying on the phone and keeping in touch is the intervention. Once emergency services are on their way, contact EDT, then a manager.<br />
<br />
Searching for someone, or staying with them until emergency services arrive, isn't within our remit. We would normally go, but we wouldn't be the first responder. Often the better plan is a check-in agreed with the young person, later that night or the next day. Being physically present can get in the way of someone receiving the clinical care they need, and can leave us holding a long, difficult responsibility we aren't clinically trained for. Before a follow-up visit, contact the relevant professionals to find out what treatment or intervention has already happened.<br />
<br />
If police or ambulance ask you to sit with someone in crisis, you're entitled to say no. Explain that we work in supported accommodation rather than residential care: the legislation and expectations are different, and the call handler may simply not know that. It's fine to be assertive about that distinction.<br />
<br />
== Signposting ==<br />
<br />
Build up familiarity over time with services like Shout, Kooth, and the Mix: text or phone support young people can access day or night. You don't need this memorised straight away; use the signposting document while you build confidence. Where you do signpost, follow up afterwards to check contact was made and what advice was given. Many services also offer safety planning over the phone or online, which can be more helpful than what we're able to offer over a call ourselves. If someone is having suicidal thoughts, connecting them with a crisis team can be more helpful than us rushing in to take over.<br />
<br />
=== Crisis and suicide-prevention support ===<br />
<br />
'''In an emergency'''<br />
* '''999:''' if you or someone else is in immediate danger.<br />
<br />
'''Urgent mental health support (24/7)'''<br />
* '''NHS 111:''' call 111 and select option 2 for urgent mental health support.<br />
* '''Samaritans:''' free, confidential support any time on 116 123, or email jo@samaritans.org.<br />
* '''Shout:''' free 24/7 text support. Text SHOUT to 85258.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional support and advice'''<br />
* '''SANEline:''' support for anyone affected by mental health problems. Call 0300 304 7000, 4pm to 10pm every day.<br />
* '''Mind:''' mental health information, advice and local services at [https://www.mind.org.uk www.mind.org.uk].<br />
* '''NHS Talking Therapies:''' free NHS support for stress, anxiety and low mood. Young people can refer themselves without seeing a GP. Find your local service at [https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/mental-health/find-an-NHS-talking-therapies-service the NHS service search].<br />
<br />
'''Making a safety plan'''<br />
* '''Staying Safe:''' a free website that helps you make a safety plan, with clear step-by-step videos. You can make your plan online or download a blank form. Visit [https://www.stayingsafe.net www.stayingsafe.net].<br />
* '''Stay Alive app:''' a free app from the charity Grassroots Suicide Prevention. It includes a safety plan you can personalise with your own reasons for living, and a "LifeBox" for photos and memories that matter. It also has tips for staying grounded, guided breathing, and links to local and national crisis support. It can help if you're struggling yourself or worried about someone else. Download it free from your app store.<br />
<br />
'''Community support'''<br />
* '''If U Care Share Foundation:''' support for emotional wellbeing and for anyone affected by suicide. Call 0191 387 5661 (Mon to Fri, 9am to 5pm) or visit [https://www.ifucareshare.co.uk www.ifucareshare.co.uk].<br />
* '''Andy's Man Club:''' free peer support groups for men aged 18+, every Monday 7pm to 9pm except bank holidays. No booking is needed. Find your nearest group at [https://andysmanclub.co.uk/groups andysmanclub.co.uk/groups].<br />
<br />
'''Bereavement support'''<br />
* '''Cruse Bereavement Support:''' free emotional support for anyone affected by any kind of grief, including suicide. Call 0808 808 1677 (open weekdays; check [https://www.cruse.org.uk www.cruse.org.uk] for current hours). There's no minimum age to call, and they can link you to local one-to-one or group support.<br />
* '''Help is at Hand:''' a free guide for anyone affected by suicide, written by people who have been bereaved by suicide themselves. It covers what you might be feeling, practical matters, and where to get further support. Download it or order a copy at [https://www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk].<br />
<br />
== Calling EDT ==<br />
<br />
Local authorities vary in how they want concerns reported: some by form, some by phone. EDT will typically ask for the young person's name, address, the nature of your concern, relevant background, and what's already been done. Ask for the name of the person you spoke to, and record it along with the advice given in an Airtable note.<br />
<br />
'''If police or ambulance are meant to be involved, always confirm their attendance yourself, directly. Never take someone else's word for it.''' Don't enter a property until you know for certain the right people are already there.<br />
<br />
'''Lock box codes:''' if a young person won't let emergency services into a property and you're unsure whether you can share the lock box code, the answer is yes: share it. If emergency services can't get access, they will force entry, which has happened before and has cost significantly more than a locksmith would. Share the code, and simply change it afterwards.<br />
<br />
== When to call a manager ==<br />
<br />
Not every situation needs manager contact. Use your professional judgement, and lean more on EDT as your confidence grows. Contact a manager for:<br />
<br />
* High-risk situations or major safeguarding concerns.<br />
* Significant uncertainty about safety, yours or the young person's.<br />
* Serious incidents, such as domestic abuse or a serious assault (see [[#Reporting serious incidents|Reporting serious incidents]]).<br />
<br />
For '''very severe circumstances''' (a fire, an attempted suicide, a death), bypass any other manager and go straight to '''Dan'''.<br />
<br />
For an ongoing emergency, always contact EDT and the police first; don't let looping in a manager slow that down. When you do call a manager, it helps to come with a plan already in mind: ''"I'm considering doing X, because Y and Z; can you confirm I've covered everything?"'' Managers are there to support your decision-making, not to replace your judgement. If you can't reach your manager and need an urgent response, escalate to Dan.<br />
<br />
You no longer need to contact a manager just to share your location before responding to a low-level situation; use the Zecure X app for that.<br />
<br />
== Recording and handover ==<br />
<br />
* Record notes in a timely way, ideally the same night; your on-call pay covers this, not just the call itself. Complete notes before the day team starts at 8:30am.<br />
* Tag the relevant colleagues and managers directly in your notes; don't assume a note alone means people will see it.<br />
* Use the on-call box on Airtable to track out-of-hours responses.<br />
* Follow up with the social worker or young person's adviser, and copy in managers.<br />
* Any messages to a young person should always come from your '''work number''', even if they've contacted your personal number.<br />
* Make sure the handover to whoever's picking things up next is genuinely clear about anything still unresolved.<br />
* '''Keep professionals' contact details current.''' They are listed at the top of the safety plan, but go out of date quickly if nobody checks them, and the last thing we want is to contact the wrong person in an emergency. If you notice something is out of date, say so.<br />
* '''Resolve issues within working hours wherever you can''', rather than letting them roll over to whoever is on call that night. The day team has more resources than one person working alone overnight.<br />
<br />
== Reporting serious incidents ==<br />
<br />
As a registered supported accommodation provider, we must notify Ofsted of serious incidents, usually within 24 hours. A manager submits the notification, but it is built entirely from your records. If it isn't in your notes, it can't go in the report.<br />
<br />
=== Your job ===<br />
<br />
# Respond and keep the young person and others safe.<br />
# Escalate to the on-call manager straight away (and call emergency services if needed).<br />
# Tick the '''Safeguarding''' box and the '''Serious Incident''' box on the incident record.<br />
# Get your notes complete and up to date by the end of your shift or end of the day.<br />
<br />
You do not need to submit anything to Ofsted. Managers do that.<br />
<br />
=== What counts as a serious incident ===<br />
<br />
* Death of a young person.<br />
* A staff member referred to the DBS (s.35).<br />
* Known or suspected sexual or criminal exploitation (CSE/CCE).<br />
* Police involvement that the registered person considers serious (police contact on its own is not notifiable).<br />
* Any allegation of abuse against our service or a staff member.<br />
* A child protection (s.47) enquiry starting or ending.<br />
* Anything else with a significant, direct impact on a young person's safety or welfare, or significant property damage, for example serious assault, serious illness or accident, serious self-harm, a serious complaint, or a young person missing where we're worried about them.<br />
<br />
We don't use restraint. If any physical intervention ever happens, tell a manager immediately. If you're unsure whether something is serious, tick the boxes, record it, and ask your manager.<br />
<br />
=== What to record ===<br />
<br />
* Date, start time and end time.<br />
* Exact location.<br />
* The young person's initials, initials of all staff involved, and anyone else present.<br />
* A factual, step-by-step account in time order.<br />
* What you saw or heard yourself, kept separate from what you were told (and by whom).<br />
* Any injuries, first aid given, whether a doctor was called, and the outcome.<br />
* Emergency services called: which, when, and any log or reference number.<br />
* Who you escalated to and when.<br />
* Who was informed (social worker, EDT, host local authority, family where appropriate), with date and time.<br />
* Immediate actions taken to keep everyone safe.<br />
* How the young person was supported afterwards, and their views.<br />
* Any immediate safety changes (risk assessment, safety plan, increased check-ins).<br />
* Your full name, role, and the date and time you wrote the record.<br />
<br />
=== Writing tips ===<br />
<br />
* '''Do:''' use initials, give times and dates, say who did what and who was told, and include the young person's voice.<br />
* '''Avoid:''' opinions or emotive words ("kicked off", "attention-seeking"), full names, and guesswork. If something isn't known, say so.<br />
<br />
== Looking after yourself ==<br />
<br />
If a call or visit has been distressing, ask for a debrief; this is a normal part of the process, not an extra ask. Don't hold things alone, and don't go to bed worried about a decision you've made, as we'd always rather hear from you. WhatsApp is fine for non-urgent updates, but ring rather than text if you need an urgent response, especially after 10pm.<br />
<br />
== Lone working and the Zecure X app ==<br />
<br />
Make sure you are up and running with the '''Zecure X app''', and use it as your '''default for sharing your location''' when you are lone working out of hours. You can log when you're heading to a property and set a time frame; if you don't check back in, it escalates automatically. A manager no longer needs to be contacted just to share your location if you are going to respond to a low-level situation.<br />
<br />
If you find yourself lone working out of hours in an unplanned way, you can still contact a manager to let them know you're going out, but you should still use the Zecure X app as well.<br />
<br />
'''Training:'''<br />
* [https://www.loom.com/share/61953fcf32ab4e42a4572a6faed32396 Zecure X video overview]<br />
* [https://support.panicguard.com/zecure Zecure X training materials]<br />
<br />
== Five things to hold onto ==<br />
<br />
# '''Attendance is the exception.''' You are not expected to attend every time.<br />
# '''Be safe first, always.'''<br />
# '''Signpost to the right service''', genuinely, not to pass the buck.<br />
# '''999, then EDT, then manager:''' Dan if there's no response.<br />
# '''Follow up and record, every time''', even when nothing happened.<br />
<br />
== Key reminders ==<br />
<br />
* Set a reminder for both ends of your shift (4:30pm and 8:30am).<br />
* Confirm your on-call number well in advance.<br />
* If you're not on call, turn your phone off and let the WhatsApp Business bounce-back do its job.<br />
* Complete lone working training before requesting a place on the rota.<br />
* Make sure the Zecure X app is signed in before your shift.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On-Call_Quick_Guide&diff=732On-Call Quick Guide2026-10-27T10:46:13Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Your job (and only your job) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a brief guide for quick reference while you're on call. It summarises the key points from on-call training. Use it as a refresher if you've done the training and want a reminder, or as a first orientation if you're new to being on call. A more detailed policy is being developed to sit behind this guide; please speak to your line manager or Dan Northover when in doubt about what to do.<br />
<br />
== The on-call rotas ==<br />
<br />
We currently run two rotas. The '''Hummingbird rota''' is covered by the Hummingbird team leads, given the complexity of the scenarios involved; if you're not on that team, you're very unlikely to be asked to cover it. The '''Engage rota''' covers Tyne & Wear, Durham, and Middlesbrough together. This means more ground to cover when you're on call for Engage, but you'll be on call less often as a result.<br />
<br />
== Before you go on call ==<br />
<br />
Before covering a shift, make sure you have:<br />
<br />
* '''Key safe information''' for every property you may get a call from.<br />
* '''Camera access tested in advance:''' don't find out a login fails at 2am.<br />
* '''The EDT number''' for every area you're covering that night.<br />
* '''Manager contact details''', and a clear sense of when you'd need to escalate to them.<br />
* '''Emergency contractor information''', gas and electricity guidance, and a registered supermarket app or delivery service.<br />
* '''Laptop and Airtable access''' for every resident in your area; your phone alone won't always be enough.<br />
* '''Your preferred on-call number confirmed in advance''', and know how to get the line transferred to it correctly.<br />
* '''The Zecure X app signed in and working''' (see [[#Lone working and the Zecure X app|Lone working and the Zecure X app]]).<br />
* '''A signposting guide''' for your area, saved somewhere you can actually find it at short notice.<br />
<br />
If you're missing any of this, speak to a manager in advance so you're properly set up before you're on call. It's also worth knowing the basics of troubleshooting common issues in the properties you cover, as this can save an unnecessary call-out. Talk to your team about the quirks of your properties and what's worked before.<br />
<br />
== Step 1: First contact and assessing risk ==<br />
<br />
'''Pause and respond, rather than panic and react.''' Before deciding anything, think through:<br />
<br />
* What's the actual risk?<br />
* What information do I need to understand the situation properly?<br />
* Can this be resolved safely without attending? (This is always our preference, while still being ready to attend if genuinely needed.)<br />
* Am I responding to pressure, or to genuine urgency? Pressure might come from you, particularly if you're new to being on call, or from a determined young person. Agreeing to everything asked of you isn't the same as keeping someone safe.<br />
<br />
Aim to respond to first contact within 30 minutes. It's fine to tell a young person you're going to look into things and call them back shortly, rather than deciding under pressure with them on the line.<br />
<br />
== Step 2: Check the safety plan, curfew and visitors ==<br />
<br />
Review the safety plan to understand any known risks: violence, aggression, substance use, or community issues. Every young person has their own '''individual curfew''', agreed with them; not a blanket 11pm default. Check what someone's actual curfew is rather than assuming. We don't track every young person's return; that isn't feasible. For a small number of young people with a specific, known risk, a safety plan may set a fixed return time; check for this.<br />
<br />
The safety plan will also list '''safe contacts''' approved to visit, and may include '''restrictions on providing food''' or other items. If you're not sure where to find a young person's information, ask a manager in advance.<br />
<br />
== Step 3: Decide the response ==<br />
<br />
Consider the full range of options before attending in person:<br />
<br />
* Remote advice, reassurance, or problem-solving over the phone.<br />
* Signposting to the right service.<br />
* A planned check-in (this doesn't have to be you, as long as the handover is clear).<br />
* An in-person visit. This is the exception, not the default, and only once you've confirmed it's safe and the on-call manager knows you're lone working.<br />
<br />
If you do need to attend somewhere unfamiliar, do a quick location risk assessment: think about parking, lighting, and consider carrying a personal alarm between the car and the property. If you're lone working, share your location through the Zecure X app (see below).<br />
<br />
'''Contact EDT for advice or to report a concern whenever you're unsure. You will never get into trouble for calling EDT.''' It's always better to call than to sit at home wondering if you should have. For a live emergency, it's always '''999 first''', before anything else.<br />
<br />
=== If a young person needs to attend A&E ===<br />
<br />
* You can or should attend, but for a maximum of '''2 hours'''.<br />
* After that you have permission to leave. Give the ward or A&E the on-call number, and arrange to check in with the young person or ask for updates.<br />
* This is a principle, not a rule. If you're unsure, work it through with the on-call manager.<br />
* The right response depends on the young person, so read their safety plan for any guidance.<br />
<br />
=== Risk of suicide: attending in person ===<br />
<br />
For a young person at immediate risk to life, '''999 is always the first call.''' Stay calm, keep them talking, and try to establish where they are as early as possible; staying on the phone and keeping in touch is the intervention. Once emergency services are on their way, contact EDT, then a manager.<br />
<br />
Searching for someone, or staying with them until emergency services arrive, isn't within our remit. We would normally go, but we wouldn't be the first responder. Often the better plan is a check-in agreed with the young person, later that night or the next day. Being physically present can get in the way of someone receiving the clinical care they need, and can leave us holding a long, difficult responsibility we aren't clinically trained for. Before a follow-up visit, contact the relevant professionals to find out what treatment or intervention has already happened.<br />
<br />
If police or ambulance ask you to sit with someone in crisis, you're entitled to say no. Explain that we work in supported accommodation rather than residential care: the legislation and expectations are different, and the call handler may simply not know that. It's fine to be assertive about that distinction.<br />
<br />
== Signposting ==<br />
<br />
Build up familiarity over time with services like Shout, Kooth, and the Mix: text or phone support young people can access day or night. You don't need this memorised straight away; use the signposting document while you build confidence. Where you do signpost, follow up afterwards to check contact was made and what advice was given. Many services also offer safety planning over the phone or online, which can be more helpful than what we're able to offer over a call ourselves. If someone is having suicidal thoughts, connecting them with a crisis team can be more helpful than us rushing in to take over.<br />
<br />
=== Crisis and suicide-prevention support ===<br />
<br />
'''In an emergency'''<br />
* '''999:''' if you or someone else is in immediate danger.<br />
<br />
'''Urgent mental health support (24/7)'''<br />
* '''NHS 111:''' call 111 and select option 2 for urgent mental health support.<br />
* '''Samaritans:''' free, confidential support any time on 116 123, or email jo@samaritans.org.<br />
* '''Shout:''' free 24/7 text support. Text SHOUT to 85258.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional support and advice'''<br />
* '''SANEline:''' support for anyone affected by mental health problems. Call 0300 304 7000, 4pm to 10pm every day.<br />
* '''Mind:''' mental health information, advice and local services at [https://www.mind.org.uk www.mind.org.uk].<br />
* '''NHS Talking Therapies:''' free NHS support for stress, anxiety and low mood. Young people can refer themselves without seeing a GP. Find your local service at [https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/mental-health/find-an-NHS-talking-therapies-service the NHS service search].<br />
<br />
'''Making a safety plan'''<br />
* '''Staying Safe:''' a free website that helps you make a safety plan, with clear step-by-step videos. You can make your plan online or download a blank form. Visit [https://www.stayingsafe.net www.stayingsafe.net].<br />
* '''Stay Alive app:''' a free app from the charity Grassroots Suicide Prevention. It includes a safety plan you can personalise with your own reasons for living, and a "LifeBox" for photos and memories that matter. It also has tips for staying grounded, guided breathing, and links to local and national crisis support. It can help if you're struggling yourself or worried about someone else. Download it free from your app store.<br />
<br />
'''Community support'''<br />
* '''If U Care Share Foundation:''' support for emotional wellbeing and for anyone affected by suicide. Call 0191 387 5661 (Mon to Fri, 9am to 5pm) or visit [https://www.ifucareshare.co.uk www.ifucareshare.co.uk].<br />
* '''Andy's Man Club:''' free peer support groups for men aged 18+, every Monday 7pm to 9pm except bank holidays. No booking is needed. Find your nearest group at [https://andysmanclub.co.uk/groups andysmanclub.co.uk/groups].<br />
<br />
'''Bereavement support'''<br />
* '''Cruse Bereavement Support:''' free emotional support for anyone affected by any kind of grief, including suicide. Call 0808 808 1677 (open weekdays; check [https://www.cruse.org.uk www.cruse.org.uk] for current hours). There's no minimum age to call, and they can link you to local one-to-one or group support.<br />
* '''Help is at Hand:''' a free guide for anyone affected by suicide, written by people who have been bereaved by suicide themselves. It covers what you might be feeling, practical matters, and where to get further support. Download it or order a copy at [https://www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk].<br />
<br />
== Calling EDT ==<br />
<br />
Local authorities vary in how they want concerns reported: some by form, some by phone. EDT will typically ask for the young person's name, address, the nature of your concern, relevant background, and what's already been done. Ask for the name of the person you spoke to, and record it along with the advice given in an Airtable note.<br />
<br />
'''If police or ambulance are meant to be involved, always confirm their attendance yourself, directly. Never take someone else's word for it.''' Don't enter a property until you know for certain the right people are already there.<br />
<br />
'''Lock box codes:''' if a young person won't let emergency services into a property and you're unsure whether you can share the lock box code, the answer is yes: share it. If emergency services can't get access, they will force entry, which has happened before and has cost significantly more than a locksmith would. Share the code, and simply change it afterwards.<br />
<br />
== When to call a manager ==<br />
<br />
Not every situation needs manager contact. Use your professional judgement, and lean more on EDT as your confidence grows. Contact a manager for:<br />
<br />
* High-risk situations or major safeguarding concerns.<br />
* Significant uncertainty about safety, yours or the young person's.<br />
* Serious incidents, such as domestic abuse or a serious assault (see [[#Reporting serious incidents|Reporting serious incidents]]).<br />
<br />
For '''very severe circumstances''' (a fire, an attempted suicide, a death), bypass any other manager and go straight to '''Dan'''.<br />
<br />
For an ongoing emergency, always contact EDT and the police first; don't let looping in a manager slow that down. When you do call a manager, it helps to come with a plan already in mind: ''"I'm considering doing X, because Y and Z; can you confirm I've covered everything?"'' Managers are there to support your decision-making, not to replace your judgement. If you can't reach your manager and need an urgent response, escalate to Dan.<br />
<br />
You no longer need to contact a manager just to share your location before responding to a low-level situation; use the Zecure X app for that.<br />
<br />
== Recording and handover ==<br />
<br />
* Record notes in a timely way, ideally the same night; your on-call pay covers this, not just the call itself. Complete notes before the day team starts at 8:30am.<br />
* Tag the relevant colleagues and managers directly in your notes; don't assume a note alone means people will see it.<br />
* Use the on-call box on Airtable to track out-of-hours responses.<br />
* Follow up with the social worker or young person's adviser, and copy in managers.<br />
* Any messages to a young person should always come from your '''work number''', even if they've contacted your personal number.<br />
* Make sure the handover to whoever's picking things up next is genuinely clear about anything still unresolved.<br />
* '''Keep professionals' contact details current.''' They are listed at the top of the safety plan, but go out of date quickly if nobody checks them, and the last thing we want is to contact the wrong person in an emergency. If you notice something is out of date, say so.<br />
* '''Resolve issues within working hours wherever you can''', rather than letting them roll over to whoever is on call that night. The day team has more resources than one person working alone overnight.<br />
<br />
== Reporting serious incidents ==<br />
<br />
As a registered supported accommodation provider, we must notify Ofsted of serious incidents, usually within 24 hours. A manager submits the notification, but it is built entirely from your records. If it isn't in your notes, it can't go in the report.<br />
<br />
=== Your job ===<br />
<br />
# Respond and keep the young person and others safe.<br />
# Escalate to the on-call manager straight away (and call emergency services if needed).<br />
# Tick the '''Safeguarding''' box and the '''Serious Incident''' box on the incident record.<br />
# Get your notes complete and up to date by the end of your shift or end of the day.<br />
<br />
You do not need to submit anything to Ofsted. Managers do that.<br />
<br />
=== What counts as a serious incident ===<br />
<br />
* Death of a young person.<br />
* A staff member referred to the DBS (s.35).<br />
* Known or suspected sexual or criminal exploitation (CSE/CCE).<br />
* Police involvement that the registered person considers serious (police contact on its own is not notifiable).<br />
* Any allegation of abuse against our service or a staff member.<br />
* A child protection (s.47) enquiry starting or ending.<br />
* Anything else with a significant, direct impact on a young person's safety or welfare, or significant property damage, for example serious assault, serious illness or accident, serious self-harm, a serious complaint, or a young person missing where we're worried about them.<br />
<br />
We don't use restraint. If any physical intervention ever happens, tell a manager immediately. If you're unsure whether something is serious, tick the boxes, record it, and ask your manager.<br />
<br />
=== What to record ===<br />
<br />
* Date, start time and end time.<br />
* Exact location.<br />
* The young person's initials, initials of all staff involved, and anyone else present.<br />
* A factual, step-by-step account in time order.<br />
* What you saw or heard yourself, kept separate from what you were told (and by whom).<br />
* Any injuries, first aid given, whether a doctor was called, and the outcome.<br />
* Emergency services called: which, when, and any log or reference number.<br />
* Who you escalated to and when.<br />
* Who was informed (social worker, EDT, host local authority, family where appropriate), with date and time.<br />
* Immediate actions taken to keep everyone safe.<br />
* How the young person was supported afterwards, and their views.<br />
* Any immediate safety changes (risk assessment, safety plan, increased check-ins).<br />
* Your full name, role, and the date and time you wrote the record.<br />
<br />
=== Writing tips ===<br />
<br />
* '''Do:''' use initials, give times and dates, say who did what and who was told, and include the young person's voice.<br />
* '''Avoid:''' opinions or emotive words ("kicked off", "attention-seeking"), full names, and guesswork. If something isn't known, say so.<br />
<br />
== Looking after yourself ==<br />
<br />
If a call or visit has been distressing, ask for a debrief; this is a normal part of the process, not an extra ask. Don't hold things alone, and don't go to bed worried about a decision you've made, as we'd always rather hear from you. WhatsApp is fine for non-urgent updates, but ring rather than text if you need an urgent response, especially after 10pm.<br />
<br />
== Lone working and the Zecure X app ==<br />
<br />
Make sure you are up and running with the '''Zecure X app''', and use it as your '''default for sharing your location''' when you are lone working out of hours. You can log when you're heading to a property and set a time frame; if you don't check back in, it escalates automatically. A manager no longer needs to be contacted just to share your location if you are going to respond to a low-level situation.<br />
<br />
If you find yourself lone working out of hours in an unplanned way, you can still contact a manager to let them know you're going out, but you should still use the Zecure X app as well.<br />
<br />
'''Training:'''<br />
* [https://www.loom.com/share/61953fcf32ab4e42a4572a6faed32396 Zecure X video overview]<br />
* [https://support.panicguard.com/zecure Zecure X training materials]<br />
<br />
== Five things to hold onto ==<br />
<br />
# '''Attendance is the exception.''' You are not expected to attend every time.<br />
# '''Be safe first, always.'''<br />
# '''Signpost to the right service''', genuinely, not to pass the buck.<br />
# '''999, then EDT, then manager:''' Dan if there's no response.<br />
# '''Follow up and record, every time''', even when nothing happened.<br />
<br />
== Key reminders ==<br />
<br />
* Set a reminder for both ends of your shift (4:30pm and 8:30am).<br />
* Confirm your on-call number well in advance.<br />
* If you're not on call, turn your phone off and let the WhatsApp Business bounce-back do its job.<br />
* Complete lone working training before requesting a place on the rota.<br />
* Make sure the Zecure X app is signed in before your shift.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On-Call_Quick_Guide&diff=731On-Call Quick Guide2026-10-27T10:45:04Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: additions and updates</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a brief guide for quick reference while you're on call. It summarises the key points from on-call training. Use it as a refresher if you've done the training and want a reminder, or as a first orientation if you're new to being on call. A more detailed policy is being developed to sit behind this guide; please speak to your line manager or Dan Northover when in doubt about what to do.<br />
<br />
== The on-call rotas ==<br />
<br />
We currently run two rotas. The '''Hummingbird rota''' is covered by the Hummingbird team leads, given the complexity of the scenarios involved; if you're not on that team, you're very unlikely to be asked to cover it. The '''Engage rota''' covers Tyne & Wear, Durham, and Middlesbrough together. This means more ground to cover when you're on call for Engage, but you'll be on call less often as a result.<br />
<br />
== Before you go on call ==<br />
<br />
Before covering a shift, make sure you have:<br />
<br />
* '''Key safe information''' for every property you may get a call from.<br />
* '''Camera access tested in advance:''' don't find out a login fails at 2am.<br />
* '''The EDT number''' for every area you're covering that night.<br />
* '''Manager contact details''', and a clear sense of when you'd need to escalate to them.<br />
* '''Emergency contractor information''', gas and electricity guidance, and a registered supermarket app or delivery service.<br />
* '''Laptop and Airtable access''' for every resident in your area; your phone alone won't always be enough.<br />
* '''Your preferred on-call number confirmed in advance''', and know how to get the line transferred to it correctly.<br />
* '''The Zecure X app signed in and working''' (see [[#Lone working and the Zecure X app|Lone working and the Zecure X app]]).<br />
* '''A signposting guide''' for your area, saved somewhere you can actually find it at short notice.<br />
<br />
If you're missing any of this, speak to a manager in advance so you're properly set up before you're on call. It's also worth knowing the basics of troubleshooting common issues in the properties you cover, as this can save an unnecessary call-out. Talk to your team about the quirks of your properties and what's worked before.<br />
<br />
== Step 1: First contact and assessing risk ==<br />
<br />
'''Pause and respond, rather than panic and react.''' Before deciding anything, think through:<br />
<br />
* What's the actual risk?<br />
* What information do I need to understand the situation properly?<br />
* Can this be resolved safely without attending? (This is always our preference, while still being ready to attend if genuinely needed.)<br />
* Am I responding to pressure, or to genuine urgency? Pressure might come from you, particularly if you're new to being on call, or from a determined young person. Agreeing to everything asked of you isn't the same as keeping someone safe.<br />
<br />
Aim to respond to first contact within 30 minutes. It's fine to tell a young person you're going to look into things and call them back shortly, rather than deciding under pressure with them on the line.<br />
<br />
== Step 2: Check the safety plan, curfew and visitors ==<br />
<br />
Review the safety plan to understand any known risks: violence, aggression, substance use, or community issues. Every young person has their own '''individual curfew''', agreed with them; not a blanket 11pm default. Check what someone's actual curfew is rather than assuming. We don't track every young person's return; that isn't feasible. For a small number of young people with a specific, known risk, a safety plan may set a fixed return time; check for this.<br />
<br />
The safety plan will also list '''safe contacts''' approved to visit, and may include '''restrictions on providing food''' or other items. If you're not sure where to find a young person's information, ask a manager in advance.<br />
<br />
== Step 3: Decide the response ==<br />
<br />
Consider the full range of options before attending in person:<br />
<br />
* Remote advice, reassurance, or problem-solving over the phone.<br />
* Signposting to the right service.<br />
* A planned check-in (this doesn't have to be you, as long as the handover is clear).<br />
* An in-person visit. This is the exception, not the default, and only once you've confirmed it's safe and the on-call manager knows you're lone working.<br />
<br />
If you do need to attend somewhere unfamiliar, do a quick location risk assessment: think about parking, lighting, and consider carrying a personal alarm between the car and the property. If you're lone working, share your location through the Zecure X app (see below).<br />
<br />
'''Contact EDT for advice or to report a concern whenever you're unsure. You will never get into trouble for calling EDT.''' It's always better to call than to sit at home wondering if you should have. For a live emergency, it's always '''999 first''', before anything else.<br />
<br />
=== If a young person needs to attend A&E ===<br />
<br />
* You can or should attend, but for a maximum of '''2 hours'''.<br />
* After that you have permission to leave. Give the ward or A&E the on-call number, and arrange to check in with the young person or ask for updates.<br />
* This is a principle, not a rule. If you're unsure, work it through with the on-call manager.<br />
* The right response depends on the young person, so read their safety plan for any guidance.<br />
<br />
=== Risk of suicide: attending in person ===<br />
<br />
For a young person at immediate risk to life, '''999 is always the first call.''' Stay calm, keep them talking, and try to establish where they are as early as possible; staying on the phone and keeping in touch is the intervention. Once emergency services are on their way, contact EDT, then a manager.<br />
<br />
Searching for someone, or staying with them until emergency services arrive, isn't within our remit. We would normally go, but we wouldn't be the first responder. Often the better plan is a check-in agreed with the young person, later that night or the next day. Being physically present can get in the way of someone receiving the clinical care they need, and can leave us holding a long, difficult responsibility we aren't clinically trained for. Before a follow-up visit, contact the relevant professionals to find out what treatment or intervention has already happened.<br />
<br />
If police or ambulance ask you to sit with someone in crisis, you're entitled to say no. Explain that we work in supported accommodation rather than residential care: the legislation and expectations are different, and the call handler may simply not know that. It's fine to be assertive about that distinction.<br />
<br />
== Signposting ==<br />
<br />
Build up familiarity over time with services like Shout, Kooth, and the Mix: text or phone support young people can access day or night. You don't need this memorised straight away; use the signposting document while you build confidence. Where you do signpost, follow up afterwards to check contact was made and what advice was given. Many services also offer safety planning over the phone or online, which can be more helpful than what we're able to offer over a call ourselves. If someone is having suicidal thoughts, connecting them with a crisis team can be more helpful than us rushing in to take over.<br />
<br />
=== Crisis and suicide-prevention support ===<br />
<br />
'''In an emergency'''<br />
* '''999:''' if you or someone else is in immediate danger.<br />
<br />
'''Urgent mental health support (24/7)'''<br />
* '''NHS 111:''' call 111 and select option 2 for urgent mental health support.<br />
* '''Samaritans:''' free, confidential support any time on 116 123, or email jo@samaritans.org.<br />
* '''Shout:''' free 24/7 text support. Text SHOUT to 85258.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional support and advice'''<br />
* '''SANEline:''' support for anyone affected by mental health problems. Call 0300 304 7000, 4pm to 10pm every day.<br />
* '''Mind:''' mental health information, advice and local services at [https://www.mind.org.uk www.mind.org.uk].<br />
* '''NHS Talking Therapies:''' free NHS support for stress, anxiety and low mood. Young people can refer themselves without seeing a GP. Find your local service at [https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/mental-health/find-an-NHS-talking-therapies-service the NHS service search].<br />
<br />
'''Making a safety plan'''<br />
* '''Staying Safe:''' a free website that helps you make a safety plan, with clear step-by-step videos. You can make your plan online or download a blank form. Visit [https://www.stayingsafe.net www.stayingsafe.net].<br />
* '''Stay Alive app:''' a free app from the charity Grassroots Suicide Prevention. It includes a safety plan you can personalise with your own reasons for living, and a "LifeBox" for photos and memories that matter. It also has tips for staying grounded, guided breathing, and links to local and national crisis support. It can help if you're struggling yourself or worried about someone else. Download it free from your app store.<br />
<br />
'''Community support'''<br />
* '''If U Care Share Foundation:''' support for emotional wellbeing and for anyone affected by suicide. Call 0191 387 5661 (Mon to Fri, 9am to 5pm) or visit [https://www.ifucareshare.co.uk www.ifucareshare.co.uk].<br />
* '''Andy's Man Club:''' free peer support groups for men aged 18+, every Monday 7pm to 9pm except bank holidays. No booking is needed. Find your nearest group at [https://andysmanclub.co.uk/groups andysmanclub.co.uk/groups].<br />
<br />
'''Bereavement support'''<br />
* '''Cruse Bereavement Support:''' free emotional support for anyone affected by any kind of grief, including suicide. Call 0808 808 1677 (open weekdays; check [https://www.cruse.org.uk www.cruse.org.uk] for current hours). There's no minimum age to call, and they can link you to local one-to-one or group support.<br />
* '''Help is at Hand:''' a free guide for anyone affected by suicide, written by people who have been bereaved by suicide themselves. It covers what you might be feeling, practical matters, and where to get further support. Download it or order a copy at [https://www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk].<br />
<br />
== Calling EDT ==<br />
<br />
Local authorities vary in how they want concerns reported: some by form, some by phone. EDT will typically ask for the young person's name, address, the nature of your concern, relevant background, and what's already been done. Ask for the name of the person you spoke to, and record it along with the advice given in an Airtable note.<br />
<br />
'''If police or ambulance are meant to be involved, always confirm their attendance yourself, directly. Never take someone else's word for it.''' Don't enter a property until you know for certain the right people are already there.<br />
<br />
'''Lock box codes:''' if a young person won't let emergency services into a property and you're unsure whether you can share the lock box code, the answer is yes: share it. If emergency services can't get access, they will force entry, which has happened before and has cost significantly more than a locksmith would. Share the code, and simply change it afterwards.<br />
<br />
== When to call a manager ==<br />
<br />
Not every situation needs manager contact. Use your professional judgement, and lean more on EDT as your confidence grows. Contact a manager for:<br />
<br />
* High-risk situations or major safeguarding concerns.<br />
* Significant uncertainty about safety, yours or the young person's.<br />
* Serious incidents, such as domestic abuse or a serious assault (see [[#Reporting serious incidents|Reporting serious incidents]]).<br />
<br />
For '''very severe circumstances''' (a fire, an attempted suicide, a death), bypass any other manager and go straight to '''Dan'''.<br />
<br />
For an ongoing emergency, always contact EDT and the police first; don't let looping in a manager slow that down. When you do call a manager, it helps to come with a plan already in mind: ''"I'm considering doing X, because Y and Z; can you confirm I've covered everything?"'' Managers are there to support your decision-making, not to replace your judgement. If you can't reach your manager and need an urgent response, escalate to Dan.<br />
<br />
You no longer need to contact a manager just to share your location before responding to a low-level situation; use the Zecure X app for that.<br />
<br />
== Recording and handover ==<br />
<br />
* Record notes in a timely way, ideally the same night; your on-call pay covers this, not just the call itself. Complete notes before the day team starts at 8:30am.<br />
* Tag the relevant colleagues and managers directly in your notes; don't assume a note alone means people will see it.<br />
* Use the on-call box on Airtable to track out-of-hours responses.<br />
* Follow up with the social worker or young person's adviser, and copy in managers.<br />
* Any messages to a young person should always come from your '''work number''', even if they've contacted your personal number.<br />
* Make sure the handover to whoever's picking things up next is genuinely clear about anything still unresolved.<br />
* '''Keep professionals' contact details current.''' They are listed at the top of the safety plan, but go out of date quickly if nobody checks them, and the last thing we want is to contact the wrong person in an emergency. If you notice something is out of date, say so.<br />
* '''Resolve issues within working hours wherever you can''', rather than letting them roll over to whoever is on call that night. The day team has more resources than one person working alone overnight.<br />
<br />
== Reporting serious incidents ==<br />
<br />
As a registered supported accommodation provider, we must notify Ofsted of serious incidents, usually within 24 hours. A manager submits the notification, but it is built entirely from your records. If it isn't in your notes, it can't go in the report.<br />
<br />
=== Your job (and only your job) ===<br />
<br />
# Respond and keep the young person and others safe.<br />
# Escalate to the on-call manager straight away (and call emergency services if needed).<br />
# Tick the '''Safeguarding''' box and the '''Serious Incident''' box on the incident record.<br />
# Get your notes complete and up to date by the end of your shift or end of the day.<br />
<br />
You do not submit anything to Ofsted. Managers do that.<br />
<br />
=== What counts as a serious incident ===<br />
<br />
* Death of a young person.<br />
* A staff member referred to the DBS (s.35).<br />
* Known or suspected sexual or criminal exploitation (CSE/CCE).<br />
* Police involvement that the registered person considers serious (police contact on its own is not notifiable).<br />
* Any allegation of abuse against our service or a staff member.<br />
* A child protection (s.47) enquiry starting or ending.<br />
* Anything else with a significant, direct impact on a young person's safety or welfare, or significant property damage, for example serious assault, serious illness or accident, serious self-harm, a serious complaint, or a young person missing where we're worried about them.<br />
<br />
We don't use restraint. If any physical intervention ever happens, tell a manager immediately. If you're unsure whether something is serious, tick the boxes, record it, and ask your manager.<br />
<br />
=== What to record ===<br />
<br />
* Date, start time and end time.<br />
* Exact location.<br />
* The young person's initials, initials of all staff involved, and anyone else present.<br />
* A factual, step-by-step account in time order.<br />
* What you saw or heard yourself, kept separate from what you were told (and by whom).<br />
* Any injuries, first aid given, whether a doctor was called, and the outcome.<br />
* Emergency services called: which, when, and any log or reference number.<br />
* Who you escalated to and when.<br />
* Who was informed (social worker, EDT, host local authority, family where appropriate), with date and time.<br />
* Immediate actions taken to keep everyone safe.<br />
* How the young person was supported afterwards, and their views.<br />
* Any immediate safety changes (risk assessment, safety plan, increased check-ins).<br />
* Your full name, role, and the date and time you wrote the record.<br />
<br />
=== Writing tips ===<br />
<br />
* '''Do:''' use initials, give times and dates, say who did what and who was told, and include the young person's voice.<br />
* '''Avoid:''' opinions or emotive words ("kicked off", "attention-seeking"), full names, and guesswork. If something isn't known, say so.<br />
<br />
== Looking after yourself ==<br />
<br />
If a call or visit has been distressing, ask for a debrief; this is a normal part of the process, not an extra ask. Don't hold things alone, and don't go to bed worried about a decision you've made, as we'd always rather hear from you. WhatsApp is fine for non-urgent updates, but ring rather than text if you need an urgent response, especially after 10pm.<br />
<br />
== Lone working and the Zecure X app ==<br />
<br />
Make sure you are up and running with the '''Zecure X app''', and use it as your '''default for sharing your location''' when you are lone working out of hours. You can log when you're heading to a property and set a time frame; if you don't check back in, it escalates automatically. A manager no longer needs to be contacted just to share your location if you are going to respond to a low-level situation.<br />
<br />
If you find yourself lone working out of hours in an unplanned way, you can still contact a manager to let them know you're going out, but you should still use the Zecure X app as well.<br />
<br />
'''Training:'''<br />
* [https://www.loom.com/share/61953fcf32ab4e42a4572a6faed32396 Zecure X video overview]<br />
* [https://support.panicguard.com/zecure Zecure X training materials]<br />
<br />
== Five things to hold onto ==<br />
<br />
# '''Attendance is the exception.''' You are not expected to attend every time.<br />
# '''Be safe first, always.'''<br />
# '''Signpost to the right service''', genuinely, not to pass the buck.<br />
# '''999, then EDT, then manager:''' Dan if there's no response.<br />
# '''Follow up and record, every time''', even when nothing happened.<br />
<br />
== Key reminders ==<br />
<br />
* Set a reminder for both ends of your shift (4:30pm and 8:30am).<br />
* Confirm your on-call number well in advance.<br />
* If you're not on call, turn your phone off and let the WhatsApp Business bounce-back do its job.<br />
* Complete lone working training before requesting a place on the rota.<br />
* Make sure the Zecure X app is signed in before your shift.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Template:Useful_Contacts_-_Mental_Health&diff=730Template:Useful Contacts - Mental Health2026-10-23T13:49:59Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: updated and more options added</p>
<hr />
<div>=== In an emergency ===<br />
<br />
* '''999:''' If you or someone else is in immediate danger.<br />
<br />
=== Urgent mental health support (24/7) ===<br />
<br />
* '''NHS 111:''' Call 111 and select option 2 for urgent mental health support.<br />
* '''Samaritans:''' Free, confidential support any time. Call 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org.<br />
* '''Shout:''' Free 24/7 text support. Text SHOUT to 85258.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional support and advice ===<br />
<br />
* '''SANEline:''' Support for anyone affected by mental health problems. Call 0300 304 7000, 4pm–10pm every day.<br />
* '''Mind:''' Mental health information, advice and local services at [https://www.mind.org.uk www.mind.org.uk].<br />
* '''NHS Talking Therapies:''' Free NHS support for stress, anxiety and low mood — you can refer yourself without seeing a GP. Find your local service at [https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/mental-health/find-an-NHS-talking-therapies-service www.nhs.uk].<br />
<br />
=== Making a safety plan ===<br />
<br />
* '''Staying Safe:''' A free website that helps you make a safety plan, with clear step-by-step videos. Make your plan online or download a blank form at [https://www.stayingsafe.net www.stayingsafe.net].<br />
* '''Stay Alive app:''' A free app from the charity Grassroots Suicide Prevention. Includes a personalised safety plan, a "LifeBox" for photos and memories, guided breathing, and links to local and national crisis support. Useful whether you're struggling yourself or worried about someone else. Download free from your app store.<br />
<br />
=== Community support ===<br />
<br />
* '''If U Care Share Foundation:''' Support for emotional wellbeing and for anyone affected by suicide. Call 0191 387 5661 (Mon–Fri, 9am–5pm) or visit [https://www.ifucareshare.co.uk www.ifucareshare.co.uk].<br />
* '''Andy's Man Club:''' Free peer support groups for men aged 18+, every Monday 7pm–9pm (except bank holidays). No booking needed. Find your nearest group at [https://andysmanclub.co.uk/groups andysmanclub.co.uk/groups].<br />
<br />
=== Bereavement by suicide ===<br />
<br />
* '''Cruse Bereavement Support:''' Free emotional support for anyone affected by any kind of grief, including suicide. Call 0808 808 1677 (weekdays; check [https://www.cruse.org.uk www.cruse.org.uk] for current hours). No minimum age to call.<br />
* '''Help is at Hand:''' A free guide for anyone bereaved by suicide, written by people with lived experience. Covers what you might be feeling, practical matters, and where to get further support. Download or order a copy at [https://www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk www.supportaftersuicide.org.uk].</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Induction:_Online_Training_Courses_and_Videos&diff=729Induction: Online Training Courses and Videos2026-10-23T13:16:50Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Induction: Required Links and Online Training==<br />
<br />
This page lists all the links and online training resources required during induction at Handcrafted. Links are organised by who needs them. Where a resource is an internal Handcrafted training video, the YouTube link is given.<br />
<br />
For the full list of induction tasks, see the current induction spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
==All staff==<br />
<br />
===Staff handbook and policies===<br />
<br />
* [https://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/Main_Page Policy wiki] — all staff should read the About Handcrafted, Quick Guides and Essentials, and Organisational Topics sections, and familiarise themselves with the safeguarding children policy, safeguarding adults policy, devices policy, health and safety policy, and complaints policy.<br />
<br />
===Compulsory training for all staff===<br />
<br />
* [https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/training/top-tips-for-staff/top-tips-for-staff-raw-0cqnR1Cp/content/index.html#/ NCSC Cyber Security — Top Tips for Staff] (online video; upload screenshot on completion)<br />
* [https://www.support-people-susceptible-to-radicalisation.service.gov.uk/portal#awareness-course Prevent Awareness] (online training)<br />
* [https://zerosuicidealliance.com/suicide-awareness-training Zero Suicide Alliance — Suicide Awareness Training] (online training)<br />
<br />
===Internal induction videos===<br />
All staff watch these as part of their induction. Confirm completion using the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL induction videos completion form] (and separately the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form safeguarding video form]).<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O30T33YH18E Internal Safeguarding Training]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUQ3iLoS2JM The Solution Focused Approach]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKA6DgPQBWc Confidentiality and Disclosure]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57lkM6gmXng Conditioning Awareness]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fG68GN_5Gk Lone Working Basics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z98wMRlk7rE Principles of Risk Assessment]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0XyyRr-Kyw The Person Centred Approach]<br />
<br />
===Job admin===<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC training screenshot]<br />
* [https://www.bluelightcard.co.uk/en Blue Light Card] (optional; for eligible staff)<br />
<br />
==Support staff working with young people under 18 (u18s induction)==<br />
<br />
The following training must be completed '''before lone working'''. Most is available through Virtual College or Aneemo — contact Shalom or Lorraine for access and login details.<br />
<br />
===Virtual College===<br />
* Self-Neglect<br />
* Child Criminal Exploitation, Gangs and County Lines<br />
* Child and Adult Sexual Exploitation<br />
* Misogyny Awareness: Children and Young People<br />
* Self-Harm<br />
* Safeguarding Children — Level 3 Certificate<br />
* Awareness of Health and Safety<br />
* Fire Safety<br />
<br />
===Aneemo===<br />
* De-escalation<br />
* Trauma-informed Approaches<br />
* Solution-focused Practice<br />
* Strengths-based Approaches<br />
* Substance Misuse Risk — Drugs and Alcohol<br />
* Mental Health Skills<br />
* Boundaries and Disclosure<br />
<br />
===Job admin (before lone working)===<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving licence, MOT and car insurance] — required before lone working with young people<br />
<br />
==Housing support staff==<br />
<br />
No additional external links — induction tasks are primarily on-the-job training and practical kit. See the Housing Support Induction module in the spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
==Kitchen staff==<br />
<br />
* [https://essentialfoodhygiene.co.uk/product/level-2-food-hygiene-catering Food Hygiene / Safety Level 2] — for staff leading cookery activities or preparing meals in community hubs. Must be completed before lone working in a kitchen.<br />
<br />
==Display screen equipment (DSE) users==<br />
For staff whose role requires regular use of display screen equipment (e.g. admins, managers):<br />
<br />
* [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qEBhO8S85F4UaiwlDGP9xvSEVUi9AOHd/edit DSE Self-Assessment Checklist]<br />
<br />
==Completion forms==<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL Confirm induction videos watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form Confirm safeguarding video watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC Cyber Security screenshot]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving documents (u18s staff)]<br />
<br />
''For questions about any of these resources, contact Seymour or the named contact in the Induction spreadsheet.''</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Induction:_Online_Training_Courses_and_Videos&diff=728Induction: Online Training Courses and Videos2026-10-23T13:15:50Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Induction: Required Links and Online Training==<br />
<br />
This page lists all the links and online training resources required during induction at Handcrafted. Links are organised by who needs them. Where a resource is an internal Handcrafted training video, the YouTube link is given.<br />
<br />
For the full list of induction tasks, see the current induction spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==All staff==<br />
<br />
===Staff handbook and policies===<br />
<br />
* [https://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/Main_Page Policy wiki] — all staff should read the About Handcrafted, Quick Guides and Essentials, and Organisational Topics sections, and familiarise themselves with the safeguarding children policy, safeguarding adults policy, devices policy, health and safety policy, and complaints policy.<br />
<br />
===Compulsory training for all staff===<br />
<br />
* [https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/training/top-tips-for-staff/top-tips-for-staff-raw-0cqnR1Cp/content/index.html#/ NCSC Cyber Security — Top Tips for Staff] (online video; upload screenshot on completion)<br />
* [https://www.support-people-susceptible-to-radicalisation.service.gov.uk/portal#awareness-course Prevent Awareness] (online training)<br />
* [https://zerosuicidealliance.com/suicide-awareness-training Zero Suicide Alliance — Suicide Awareness Training] (online training)<br />
<br />
===Internal induction videos===<br />
All staff watch these as part of their induction. Confirm completion using the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL induction videos completion form] (and separately the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form safeguarding video form]).<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O30T33YH18E Internal Safeguarding Training]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUQ3iLoS2JM The Solution Focused Approach]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKA6DgPQBWc Confidentiality and Disclosure]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57lkM6gmXng Conditioning Awareness]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fG68GN_5Gk Lone Working Basics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z98wMRlk7rE Principles of Risk Assessment]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0XyyRr-Kyw The Person Centred Approach]<br />
<br />
===Job admin===<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC training screenshot]<br />
* [https://www.bluelightcard.co.uk/en Blue Light Card] (optional; for eligible staff)<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Support staff working with young people under 18 (u18s induction)==<br />
<br />
The following training must be completed '''before lone working'''. Most is available through Virtual College or Aneemo — contact Shalom or Lorraine for access and login details.<br />
<br />
===Virtual College===<br />
* Self-Neglect<br />
* Child Criminal Exploitation, Gangs and County Lines<br />
* Child and Adult Sexual Exploitation<br />
* Misogyny Awareness: Children and Young People<br />
* Self-Harm<br />
* Safeguarding Children — Level 3 Certificate<br />
* Awareness of Health and Safety<br />
* Fire Safety<br />
<br />
===Aneemo===<br />
* De-escalation<br />
* Trauma-informed Approaches<br />
* Solution-focused Practice<br />
* Strengths-based Approaches<br />
* Substance Misuse Risk — Drugs and Alcohol<br />
* Mental Health Skills<br />
* Boundaries and Disclosure<br />
<br />
===Job admin (before lone working)===<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving licence, MOT and car insurance] — required before lone working with young people<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Housing support staff==<br />
<br />
No additional external links — induction tasks are primarily on-the-job training and practical kit. See the Housing Support Induction module in the spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Kitchen staff==<br />
<br />
* [https://essentialfoodhygiene.co.uk/product/level-2-food-hygiene-catering Food Hygiene / Safety Level 2] — for staff leading cookery activities or preparing meals in community hubs. Must be completed before lone working in a kitchen.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Display screen equipment (DSE) users==<br />
For staff whose role requires regular use of display screen equipment (e.g. admins, managers):<br />
<br />
* [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qEBhO8S85F4UaiwlDGP9xvSEVUi9AOHd/edit DSE Self-Assessment Checklist]<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Completion forms==<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL Confirm induction videos watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form Confirm safeguarding video watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC Cyber Security screenshot]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving documents (u18s staff)]<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
''For questions about any of these resources, contact Seymour (training and safeguarding) or the named contact in the Induction Modules spreadsheet.''</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Induction:_Online_Training_Courses_and_Videos&diff=727Induction: Online Training Courses and Videos2026-10-23T13:14:10Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Induction: Required Links and Online Training==<br />
<br />
This page lists all the links and online training resources required during induction at Handcrafted. Links are organised by who needs them. Where a resource is an internal Handcrafted training video, the YouTube link is given.<br />
<br />
For the full list of induction tasks, see the Induction Modules spreadsheet and the [[Induction Flowchart]].<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==All staff==<br />
<br />
===Staff handbook and policies===<br />
<br />
* [https://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/Main_Page Policy wiki] — all staff should read the About Handcrafted, Quick Guides and Essentials, and Organisational Topics sections, and familiarise themselves with the safeguarding children policy, safeguarding adults policy, devices policy, health and safety policy, and complaints policy.<br />
<br />
===Compulsory training for all staff===<br />
<br />
* [https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/training/top-tips-for-staff/top-tips-for-staff-raw-0cqnR1Cp/content/index.html#/ NCSC Cyber Security — Top Tips for Staff] (online video; upload screenshot on completion)<br />
* [https://www.support-people-susceptible-to-radicalisation.service.gov.uk/portal#awareness-course Prevent Awareness] (online training)<br />
* [https://zerosuicidealliance.com/suicide-awareness-training Zero Suicide Alliance — Suicide Awareness Training] (online training)<br />
<br />
===Internal induction videos===<br />
All staff watch these as part of their induction. Confirm completion using the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL induction videos completion form] (and separately the [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form safeguarding video form]).<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O30T33YH18E Internal Safeguarding Training]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUQ3iLoS2JM The Solution Focused Approach]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKA6DgPQBWc Confidentiality and Disclosure]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57lkM6gmXng Conditioning Awareness]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fG68GN_5Gk Lone Working Basics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z98wMRlk7rE Principles of Risk Assessment]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0XyyRr-Kyw The Person Centred Approach]<br />
<br />
===Job admin===<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC training screenshot]<br />
* [https://www.bluelightcard.co.uk/en Blue Light Card] (optional; for eligible staff)<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Support staff working with young people under 18 (u18s induction)==<br />
<br />
The following training must be completed '''before lone working'''. Most is available through Virtual College or Aneemo — contact Shalom or Lorraine for access and login details.<br />
<br />
===Virtual College===<br />
* Self-Neglect<br />
* Child Criminal Exploitation, Gangs and County Lines<br />
* Child and Adult Sexual Exploitation<br />
* Misogyny Awareness: Children and Young People<br />
* Self-Harm<br />
* Safeguarding Children — Level 3 Certificate<br />
* Awareness of Health and Safety<br />
* Fire Safety<br />
<br />
===Aneemo===<br />
* De-escalation<br />
* Trauma-informed Approaches<br />
* Solution-focused Practice<br />
* Strengths-based Approaches<br />
* Substance Misuse Risk — Drugs and Alcohol<br />
* Mental Health Skills<br />
* Boundaries and Disclosure<br />
<br />
===Job admin (before lone working)===<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving licence, MOT and car insurance] — required before lone working with young people<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Housing support staff==<br />
<br />
No additional external links — induction tasks are primarily on-the-job training and practical kit. See the Housing Support Induction module in the spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Kitchen staff==<br />
<br />
* [https://essentialfoodhygiene.co.uk/product/level-2-food-hygiene-catering Food Hygiene / Safety Level 2] — for staff leading cookery activities or preparing meals in community hubs. Must be completed before lone working in a kitchen.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Display screen equipment (DSE) users==<br />
For staff whose role requires regular use of display screen equipment (e.g. admins, managers):<br />
<br />
* [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qEBhO8S85F4UaiwlDGP9xvSEVUi9AOHd/edit DSE Self-Assessment Checklist]<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
==Completion forms==<br />
<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrnncrQJtkGyoqTL Confirm induction videos watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/pagK0Je39zu8DkMDM/form Confirm safeguarding video watched]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrqbtALRDeyQZ1Yd Upload NCSC Cyber Security screenshot]<br />
* [https://airtable.com/appnS4p3R82u5FO0D/shrEN5cTxSAyAvdFI Upload driving documents (u18s staff)]<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
''For questions about any of these resources, contact Seymour (training and safeguarding) or the named contact in the Induction Modules spreadsheet.''</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Induction:_Online_Training_Courses_and_Videos&diff=726Induction: Online Training Courses and Videos2026-10-23T11:55:59Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Created page with "g"</p>
<hr />
<div>g</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Template:Quick_Guides_and_Essentials&diff=725Template:Quick Guides and Essentials2026-10-23T11:55:29Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>* [[Conditioning Awareness Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Confidentiality Essentials]]<br />
* [[Cyber and Privacy Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essentials]]<br />
* [[Health and Safety Essentials]]<br />
* [[Induction: Online Training Courses and Videos]]<br />
* [[Lone Working Essentials]]<br />
* [[On-Call Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Record Keeping Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Risk Assessment Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Safeguarding Essentials]]<br />
* [[Safety Plans Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Suicide Prevention Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Support Planning Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[The Person-Centred Approach Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[The Solution-Focused Approach Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Trauma-Informed Practice Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Working in Group Settings Quick Guide]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Vulnerable_Adults_Policy&diff=714Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy2026-09-16T10:52:24Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Domestic violence or abuse */ Domestic abuse including Coercive contorl</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025 (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Our objectives ==<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
== Our commitments ==<br />
<br />
=== Safeguarding commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to adult beneficiaries of Handcrafted (hereafter 'trainees'), in accordance with our objectives, are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding vulnerable adults is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
== The purpose and scope of this policy ==<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# The statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of adults according to the Care Act 2014 and other relevant legislation (see Appendix 17 for a full list), ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people over the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ==<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.2: The safeguarding duties apply to an adult who:<br />
<br />
* has needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs)<br />
* is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect<br />
* as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.<br />
<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.7:<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. It is about people and organisations working together to prevent and stop both the risks and experience of abuse or neglect, while at the same time making sure that the adult's wellbeing is promoted including, where appropriate, having regard to their views, wishes, feelings and beliefs in deciding on any action. This must recognise that adults sometimes have complex interpersonal relationships and may be ambivalent, unclear or unrealistic about their personal circumstances.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted trainees may be vulnerable for one or more reasons, including age, mental or physical health conditions, bereavement, drug or alcohol addictions, or learning, sensory or physical disability. They may approach Handcrafted for support because they are in distress or struggling with difficult circumstances. We also work with individuals who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or who are more vulnerable for other reasons such as mental illness.<br />
<br />
== Assurance ==<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
== Partnerships ==<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place [Appendix 11], partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff<br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place. <br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns [Appendix 1]. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision [Appendix 2] ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Safe recruitment ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment [Appendix 3].<br />
<br />
==== '''Professional Boundaries''' ====<br />
Maintaining clear professional boundaries is an essential part of safeguarding adults at risk. Any attempt to derive personal benefit through abuse of position will be treated as a safeguarding matter. Staff are trained during induction and annual refresher sessions on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions.<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns in adults ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard adults. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in adults [Appendix 9] and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The Care Act (2014) defines ten categories of abuse ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults|Appendix 8]]):<br />
<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Sexual abuse<br />
* Psychological or emotional abuse<br />
* Financial or material abuse<br />
* Modern slavery<br />
* Discriminatory abuse<br />
* Organisational or institutional abuse<br />
* Neglect or acts of omission<br />
* Self-neglect<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern|Appendix 12]]) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services [Appendix 6].<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with the organisation's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training [Appendix 1] ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic abuse, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles & Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Deputy Safeguarding Officer (DSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The DSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with our other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy [3.2].<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the organisation's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy [1.2.1]. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations [Appendices 14-15] ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board (Gateshead SAB) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with Gateshead SAB's Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures. Gateshead SAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership is a range of public authorities, including the council, the police and health services, who share a duty to keep adults in County Durham safe from abuse, harm and neglect. Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland City Council – Adult Services ====<br />
<br />
* 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern, Mon–Fri, 8.30am–5pm)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560 (at night, weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12495/Safeguarding-for-Adults Safeguarding for Adults – Sunderland City Council]<br />
<br />
The Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) brings together Sunderland City Council, Northumbria Police, and the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board as the three statutory safeguarding partners. Its role is to ensure that adults with care and support needs are protected from abuse and neglect, and that effective multi-agency arrangements are in place.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSAB’s policies and procedures. SSAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies.<br />
<br />
NHS 111 - Available 24/7: by dialling 111, you will get to speak to a mental health professional who can listen and help you to find the right support. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Training will take place on a fortnightly basis and will be mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 2: Supervising staff ==<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight <nowiki>https://thirtyoneeight.org/</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding suitable is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns. <br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform. <br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate <br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed <br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified <br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should:<br />
<br />
* Conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
* If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
* Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
* You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
* You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
* You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection. <br />
<br />
=== Public events ===<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence. <br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Prevent Duty ==<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.' Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales 1 April 2021.<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect vulnerable adults from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse and coercive control ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
Where an adult experiencing domestic abuse has dependent children, or is pregnant, staff must also consider the safeguarding needs of those children, including any unborn child, under the [[Safeguarding Children Policy]].<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* ignoring medical<br />
* emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
=== Self-neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
=== Child neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual exploitation ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation online ====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
<br />
multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Low-level concerns ==<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== Referring concerns about staff to the local authority ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns about a member of staff and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the relevant local authority's Safeguarding Adults Board, constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with adults at risk has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, an adult at risk (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, an adult at risk (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards an adult at risk in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to adults at risk;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with adults at risk (the suitability threshold); or<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral must be made to the relevant Safeguarding Adults Board (see Appendix 13/15 for contact details) within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the relevant board. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to an adult, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) should be contacted first, with the Safeguarding Adults Board informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation or concern involves an under-18 resident in Ofsted registered supported accommodation, the Registered Young People's Manager is responsible for determining whether a serious incident has occurred. These may not meet the threshold for LADO but if a serious incident is identified, it must be reported to Ofsted through the appropriate channels in accordance with regulatory requirements. This reporting obligation runs parallel to, and does not replace, the standard safeguarding procedures outlined above, including LADO referrals where appropriate. The Registered Young People's Manager will ensure all relevant regulatory notifications are completed within the required timeframes.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== NSPCC ===<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Thirtyone:eight ===<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
== Appendix 15: External contacts for reporting incidents ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Sunderland Adult Safeguarding ===<br />
<br />
; Members of the public<br />
: Telephone: 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern)<br />
: Online referral form: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Report a safeguarding concern]<br />
<br />
; Professionals<br />
: Safeguarding Adults Concern referral via the Portal: [https://adultsportal.sunderland.gov.uk Safeguarding Adults Portal]<br />
: Guidance: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Sunderland Council – Worried about someone?]<br />
<br />
=== Police ===<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
=== Mental Health Services ===<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 16: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 17: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=713Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T10:50:18Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Domestic abuse */ and coercive control</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
Handcrafted recognises that safeguarding responsibilities can extend to unborn children where a risk of harm is identified antenatally, for example through concerns about a parent's substance use, mental health, or exposure to domestic abuse during pregnancy. Where such a risk is identified, staff should follow the same reporting and escalation procedures set out in this policy, and raise the concern with the HSO/HDSO at the earliest opportunity.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse and coercive control ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Under Section 3 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, a child who sees, hears, or experiences the effects of domestic abuse, and who is related to the person being abused or the abuser, is a victim of domestic abuse in their own right, not merely someone indirectly affected by it. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
Where domestic abuse is identified or suspected, safeguarding assessments must explicitly consider the safety of any unborn children, as well as children already born.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it meets the LADO referral threshold set out in Appendix 11, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with children has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, a child (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, a child (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children (the suitability threshold); or<br />
* behaved in a manner that discriminates against a child on the basis of one or more protected characteristics.<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral to the LADO must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2026)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Vulnerable_Adults_Policy&diff=712Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy2026-09-16T10:09:20Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Signs to look out for: */ paragraph added on unborn child and cross referenced to children policy</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025 (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Our objectives ==<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
== Our commitments ==<br />
<br />
=== Safeguarding commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to adult beneficiaries of Handcrafted (hereafter 'trainees'), in accordance with our objectives, are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding vulnerable adults is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
== The purpose and scope of this policy ==<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# The statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of adults according to the Care Act 2014 and other relevant legislation (see Appendix 17 for a full list), ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people over the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ==<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.2: The safeguarding duties apply to an adult who:<br />
<br />
* has needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs)<br />
* is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect<br />
* as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.<br />
<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.7:<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. It is about people and organisations working together to prevent and stop both the risks and experience of abuse or neglect, while at the same time making sure that the adult's wellbeing is promoted including, where appropriate, having regard to their views, wishes, feelings and beliefs in deciding on any action. This must recognise that adults sometimes have complex interpersonal relationships and may be ambivalent, unclear or unrealistic about their personal circumstances.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted trainees may be vulnerable for one or more reasons, including age, mental or physical health conditions, bereavement, drug or alcohol addictions, or learning, sensory or physical disability. They may approach Handcrafted for support because they are in distress or struggling with difficult circumstances. We also work with individuals who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or who are more vulnerable for other reasons such as mental illness.<br />
<br />
== Assurance ==<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
== Partnerships ==<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place [Appendix 11], partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff<br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place. <br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns [Appendix 1]. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision [Appendix 2] ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Safe recruitment ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment [Appendix 3].<br />
<br />
==== '''Professional Boundaries''' ====<br />
Maintaining clear professional boundaries is an essential part of safeguarding adults at risk. Any attempt to derive personal benefit through abuse of position will be treated as a safeguarding matter. Staff are trained during induction and annual refresher sessions on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions.<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns in adults ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard adults. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in adults [Appendix 9] and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The Care Act (2014) defines ten categories of abuse ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults|Appendix 8]]):<br />
<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Domestic violence or abuse<br />
* Sexual abuse<br />
* Psychological or emotional abuse<br />
* Financial or material abuse<br />
* Modern slavery<br />
* Discriminatory abuse<br />
* Organisational or institutional abuse<br />
* Neglect or acts of omission<br />
* Self-neglect<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern|Appendix 12]]) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services [Appendix 6].<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with the organisation's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training [Appendix 1] ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles & Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Deputy Safeguarding Officer (DSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The DSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with our other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy [3.2].<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the organisation's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy [1.2.1]. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations [Appendices 14-15] ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board (Gateshead SAB) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with Gateshead SAB's Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures. Gateshead SAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership is a range of public authorities, including the council, the police and health services, who share a duty to keep adults in County Durham safe from abuse, harm and neglect. Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland City Council – Adult Services ====<br />
<br />
* 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern, Mon–Fri, 8.30am–5pm)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560 (at night, weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12495/Safeguarding-for-Adults Safeguarding for Adults – Sunderland City Council]<br />
<br />
The Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) brings together Sunderland City Council, Northumbria Police, and the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board as the three statutory safeguarding partners. Its role is to ensure that adults with care and support needs are protected from abuse and neglect, and that effective multi-agency arrangements are in place.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSAB’s policies and procedures. SSAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies.<br />
<br />
NHS 111 - Available 24/7: by dialling 111, you will get to speak to a mental health professional who can listen and help you to find the right support. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Training will take place on a fortnightly basis and will be mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 2: Supervising staff ==<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight <nowiki>https://thirtyoneeight.org/</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding suitable is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns. <br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform. <br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate <br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed <br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified <br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should:<br />
<br />
* Conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
* If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
* Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
* You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
* You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
* You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection. <br />
<br />
=== Public events ===<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence. <br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Prevent Duty ==<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.' Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales 1 April 2021.<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect vulnerable adults from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
Where an adult experiencing domestic abuse has dependent children, or is pregnant, staff must also consider the safeguarding needs of those children, including any unborn child, under the [[Safeguarding Children Policy]].<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* ignoring medical<br />
* emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
=== Self-neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
=== Child neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual exploitation ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation online ====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
<br />
multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Low-level concerns ==<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== Referring concerns about staff to the local authority ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns about a member of staff and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the relevant local authority's Safeguarding Adults Board, constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with adults at risk has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, an adult at risk (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, an adult at risk (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards an adult at risk in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to adults at risk;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with adults at risk (the suitability threshold); or<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral must be made to the relevant Safeguarding Adults Board (see Appendix 13/15 for contact details) within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the relevant board. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to an adult, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) should be contacted first, with the Safeguarding Adults Board informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation or concern involves an under-18 resident in Ofsted registered supported accommodation, the Registered Young People's Manager is responsible for determining whether a serious incident has occurred. These may not meet the threshold for LADO but if a serious incident is identified, it must be reported to Ofsted through the appropriate channels in accordance with regulatory requirements. This reporting obligation runs parallel to, and does not replace, the standard safeguarding procedures outlined above, including LADO referrals where appropriate. The Registered Young People's Manager will ensure all relevant regulatory notifications are completed within the required timeframes.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== NSPCC ===<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Thirtyone:eight ===<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
== Appendix 15: External contacts for reporting incidents ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Sunderland Adult Safeguarding ===<br />
<br />
; Members of the public<br />
: Telephone: 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern)<br />
: Online referral form: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Report a safeguarding concern]<br />
<br />
; Professionals<br />
: Safeguarding Adults Concern referral via the Portal: [https://adultsportal.sunderland.gov.uk Safeguarding Adults Portal]<br />
: Guidance: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Sunderland Council – Worried about someone?]<br />
<br />
=== Police ===<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
=== Mental Health Services ===<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 16: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 17: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=711Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T10:06:55Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Definitions */ explicit inclusion of the unborn child</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
Handcrafted recognises that safeguarding responsibilities can extend to unborn children where a risk of harm is identified antenatally, for example through concerns about a parent's substance use, mental health, or exposure to domestic abuse during pregnancy. Where such a risk is identified, staff should follow the same reporting and escalation procedures set out in this policy, and raise the concern with the HSO/HDSO at the earliest opportunity.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Under Section 3 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, a child who sees, hears, or experiences the effects of domestic abuse, and who is related to the person being abused or the abuser, is a victim of domestic abuse in their own right, not merely someone indirectly affected by it. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
Where domestic abuse is identified or suspected, safeguarding assessments must explicitly consider the safety of any unborn children, as well as children already born.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it meets the LADO referral threshold set out in Appendix 11, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with children has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, a child (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, a child (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children (the suitability threshold); or<br />
* behaved in a manner that discriminates against a child on the basis of one or more protected characteristics.<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral to the LADO must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2026)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=710Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T10:05:28Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Domestic abuse */ update to reflect basis of domestic abuse being considered child abuse</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Under Section 3 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, a child who sees, hears, or experiences the effects of domestic abuse, and who is related to the person being abused or the abuser, is a victim of domestic abuse in their own right, not merely someone indirectly affected by it. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
Where domestic abuse is identified or suspected, safeguarding assessments must explicitly consider the safety of any unborn children, as well as children already born.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it meets the LADO referral threshold set out in Appendix 11, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with children has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, a child (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, a child (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children (the suitability threshold); or<br />
* behaved in a manner that discriminates against a child on the basis of one or more protected characteristics.<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral to the LADO must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2026)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Vulnerable_Adults_Policy&diff=709Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy2026-09-16T10:00:57Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* LADO reporting procedures */ updated with clearer statement on the reporting thresholds</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025 (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Our objectives ==<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
== Our commitments ==<br />
<br />
=== Safeguarding commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to adult beneficiaries of Handcrafted (hereafter 'trainees'), in accordance with our objectives, are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding vulnerable adults is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
== The purpose and scope of this policy ==<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# The statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of adults according to the Care Act 2014 and other relevant legislation (see Appendix 17 for a full list), ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people over the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ==<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.2: The safeguarding duties apply to an adult who:<br />
<br />
* has needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs)<br />
* is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect<br />
* as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.<br />
<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.7:<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. It is about people and organisations working together to prevent and stop both the risks and experience of abuse or neglect, while at the same time making sure that the adult's wellbeing is promoted including, where appropriate, having regard to their views, wishes, feelings and beliefs in deciding on any action. This must recognise that adults sometimes have complex interpersonal relationships and may be ambivalent, unclear or unrealistic about their personal circumstances.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted trainees may be vulnerable for one or more reasons, including age, mental or physical health conditions, bereavement, drug or alcohol addictions, or learning, sensory or physical disability. They may approach Handcrafted for support because they are in distress or struggling with difficult circumstances. We also work with individuals who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or who are more vulnerable for other reasons such as mental illness.<br />
<br />
== Assurance ==<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
== Partnerships ==<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place [Appendix 11], partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff<br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place. <br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns [Appendix 1]. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision [Appendix 2] ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Safe recruitment ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment [Appendix 3].<br />
<br />
==== '''Professional Boundaries''' ====<br />
Maintaining clear professional boundaries is an essential part of safeguarding adults at risk. Any attempt to derive personal benefit through abuse of position will be treated as a safeguarding matter. Staff are trained during induction and annual refresher sessions on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions.<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns in adults ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard adults. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in adults [Appendix 9] and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The Care Act (2014) defines ten categories of abuse ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults|Appendix 8]]):<br />
<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Domestic violence or abuse<br />
* Sexual abuse<br />
* Psychological or emotional abuse<br />
* Financial or material abuse<br />
* Modern slavery<br />
* Discriminatory abuse<br />
* Organisational or institutional abuse<br />
* Neglect or acts of omission<br />
* Self-neglect<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern|Appendix 12]]) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services [Appendix 6].<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with the organisation's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training [Appendix 1] ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles & Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Deputy Safeguarding Officer (DSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The DSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with our other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy [3.2].<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the organisation's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy [1.2.1]. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations [Appendices 14-15] ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board (Gateshead SAB) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with Gateshead SAB's Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures. Gateshead SAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership is a range of public authorities, including the council, the police and health services, who share a duty to keep adults in County Durham safe from abuse, harm and neglect. Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland City Council – Adult Services ====<br />
<br />
* 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern, Mon–Fri, 8.30am–5pm)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560 (at night, weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12495/Safeguarding-for-Adults Safeguarding for Adults – Sunderland City Council]<br />
<br />
The Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) brings together Sunderland City Council, Northumbria Police, and the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board as the three statutory safeguarding partners. Its role is to ensure that adults with care and support needs are protected from abuse and neglect, and that effective multi-agency arrangements are in place.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSAB’s policies and procedures. SSAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies.<br />
<br />
NHS 111 - Available 24/7: by dialling 111, you will get to speak to a mental health professional who can listen and help you to find the right support. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Training will take place on a fortnightly basis and will be mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 2: Supervising staff ==<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight <nowiki>https://thirtyoneeight.org/</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding suitable is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns. <br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform. <br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate <br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed <br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified <br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should:<br />
<br />
* Conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
* If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
* Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
* You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
* You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
* You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection. <br />
<br />
=== Public events ===<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence. <br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Prevent Duty ==<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.' Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales 1 April 2021.<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect vulnerable adults from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* ignoring medical<br />
* emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
=== Self-neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
=== Child neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual exploitation ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation online ====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
<br />
multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Low-level concerns ==<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== Referring concerns about staff to the local authority ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns about a member of staff and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the relevant local authority's Safeguarding Adults Board, constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with adults at risk has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, an adult at risk (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, an adult at risk (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards an adult at risk in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to adults at risk;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with adults at risk (the suitability threshold); or<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral must be made to the relevant Safeguarding Adults Board (see Appendix 13/15 for contact details) within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the relevant board. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to an adult, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) should be contacted first, with the Safeguarding Adults Board informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation or concern involves an under-18 resident in Ofsted registered supported accommodation, the Registered Young People's Manager is responsible for determining whether a serious incident has occurred. These may not meet the threshold for LADO but if a serious incident is identified, it must be reported to Ofsted through the appropriate channels in accordance with regulatory requirements. This reporting obligation runs parallel to, and does not replace, the standard safeguarding procedures outlined above, including LADO referrals where appropriate. The Registered Young People's Manager will ensure all relevant regulatory notifications are completed within the required timeframes.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== NSPCC ===<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Thirtyone:eight ===<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
== Appendix 15: External contacts for reporting incidents ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Sunderland Adult Safeguarding ===<br />
<br />
; Members of the public<br />
: Telephone: 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern)<br />
: Online referral form: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Report a safeguarding concern]<br />
<br />
; Professionals<br />
: Safeguarding Adults Concern referral via the Portal: [https://adultsportal.sunderland.gov.uk Safeguarding Adults Portal]<br />
: Guidance: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Sunderland Council – Worried about someone?]<br />
<br />
=== Police ===<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
=== Mental Health Services ===<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 16: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 17: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=708Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T09:54:18Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Reporting concerns and allegations */ LADO reporting of allegations thresholds clarified</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
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=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
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=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
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According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026":<br />
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Safeguarding means:<br />
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* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
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=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
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=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
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== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
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* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
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=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
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* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
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Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
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==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
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The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
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The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
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==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
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=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
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=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
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The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
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* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
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==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
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=== Supporting people ===<br />
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==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
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Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
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Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
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==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
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=== Raising awareness ===<br />
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==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
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==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
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We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
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We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
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The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
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At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
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* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
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Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
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Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
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=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
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Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
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Phone: 07917 037479<br />
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The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
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=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
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The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
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=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
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The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
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=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
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The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
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=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
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=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
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==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
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* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
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Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
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Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
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==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
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* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
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Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
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Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
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Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
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==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
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Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
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Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
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Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
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Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
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==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
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Non-emergency: 101<br />
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Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
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==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
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Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
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Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
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Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
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Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
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==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
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Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
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= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
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=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
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The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
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The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
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We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
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The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
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== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
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Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
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If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
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Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
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You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
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You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
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You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
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== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
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== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
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All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
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== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
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We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
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In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
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Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
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=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
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==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
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== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it meets the LADO referral threshold set out in Appendix 11, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the threshold for referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), constituting an allegation. An allegation meets this threshold if a person who works with children has:<br />
<br />
* behaved in a way that has harmed, or may have harmed, a child (the harm threshold);<br />
* possibly committed a criminal offence against, or related to, a child (the criminal threshold);<br />
* behaved towards a child or children in a way that indicates they may pose a risk of harm to children;<br />
* behaved, or may have behaved, in a way that indicates they may not be suitable to work with children (the suitability threshold); or<br />
* behaved in a manner that discriminates against a child on the basis of one or more protected characteristics.<br />
<br />
If the threshold is met, a referral to the LADO must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2026)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=707Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T09:51:20Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Definitions */ legislation updated with most recent act</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2026)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Vulnerable_Adults_Policy&diff=706Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy2026-09-16T09:45:45Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) */ updated trustee names</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025 (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Our objectives ==<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
== Our commitments ==<br />
<br />
=== Safeguarding commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to adult beneficiaries of Handcrafted (hereafter 'trainees'), in accordance with our objectives, are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding vulnerable adults is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
== The purpose and scope of this policy ==<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# The statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of adults according to the Care Act 2014 and other relevant legislation (see Appendix 17 for a full list), ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people over the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ==<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.2: The safeguarding duties apply to an adult who:<br />
<br />
* has needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs)<br />
* is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect<br />
* as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.<br />
<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.7:<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. It is about people and organisations working together to prevent and stop both the risks and experience of abuse or neglect, while at the same time making sure that the adult's wellbeing is promoted including, where appropriate, having regard to their views, wishes, feelings and beliefs in deciding on any action. This must recognise that adults sometimes have complex interpersonal relationships and may be ambivalent, unclear or unrealistic about their personal circumstances.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted trainees may be vulnerable for one or more reasons, including age, mental or physical health conditions, bereavement, drug or alcohol addictions, or learning, sensory or physical disability. They may approach Handcrafted for support because they are in distress or struggling with difficult circumstances. We also work with individuals who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or who are more vulnerable for other reasons such as mental illness.<br />
<br />
== Assurance ==<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
== Partnerships ==<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place [Appendix 11], partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff<br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place. <br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns [Appendix 1]. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision [Appendix 2] ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Safe recruitment ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment [Appendix 3].<br />
<br />
==== '''Professional Boundaries''' ====<br />
Maintaining clear professional boundaries is an essential part of safeguarding adults at risk. Any attempt to derive personal benefit through abuse of position will be treated as a safeguarding matter. Staff are trained during induction and annual refresher sessions on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions.<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns in adults ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard adults. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in adults [Appendix 9] and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The Care Act (2014) defines ten categories of abuse ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults|Appendix 8]]):<br />
<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Domestic violence or abuse<br />
* Sexual abuse<br />
* Psychological or emotional abuse<br />
* Financial or material abuse<br />
* Modern slavery<br />
* Discriminatory abuse<br />
* Organisational or institutional abuse<br />
* Neglect or acts of omission<br />
* Self-neglect<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern|Appendix 12]]) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services [Appendix 6].<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with the organisation's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training [Appendix 1] ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles & Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Deputy Safeguarding Officer (DSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The DSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with our other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy [3.2].<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the organisation's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy [1.2.1]. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations [Appendices 14-15] ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board (Gateshead SAB) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with Gateshead SAB's Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures. Gateshead SAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership is a range of public authorities, including the council, the police and health services, who share a duty to keep adults in County Durham safe from abuse, harm and neglect. Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland City Council – Adult Services ====<br />
<br />
* 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern, Mon–Fri, 8.30am–5pm)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560 (at night, weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12495/Safeguarding-for-Adults Safeguarding for Adults – Sunderland City Council]<br />
<br />
The Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) brings together Sunderland City Council, Northumbria Police, and the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board as the three statutory safeguarding partners. Its role is to ensure that adults with care and support needs are protected from abuse and neglect, and that effective multi-agency arrangements are in place.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSAB’s policies and procedures. SSAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies.<br />
<br />
NHS 111 - Available 24/7: by dialling 111, you will get to speak to a mental health professional who can listen and help you to find the right support. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Training will take place on a fortnightly basis and will be mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 2: Supervising staff ==<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight <nowiki>https://thirtyoneeight.org/</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding suitable is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns. <br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform. <br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate <br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed <br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified <br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should:<br />
<br />
* Conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
* If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
* Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
* You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
* You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
* You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection. <br />
<br />
=== Public events ===<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence. <br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Prevent Duty ==<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.' Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales 1 April 2021.<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect vulnerable adults from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* ignoring medical<br />
* emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
=== Self-neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
=== Child neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual exploitation ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation online ====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
<br />
multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Low-level concerns ==<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation or concern involves an under-18 resident in Ofsted registered supported accommodation, the Registered Young People's Manager is responsible for determining whether a serious incident has occurred. These may not meet the threshold for LADO but if a serious incident is identified, it must be reported to Ofsted through the appropriate channels in accordance with regulatory requirements. This reporting obligation runs parallel to, and does not replace, the standard safeguarding procedures outlined above, including LADO referrals where appropriate. The Registered Young People's Manager will ensure all relevant regulatory notifications are completed within the required timeframes.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== NSPCC ===<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Thirtyone:eight ===<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
== Appendix 15: External contacts for reporting incidents ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Sunderland Adult Safeguarding ===<br />
<br />
; Members of the public<br />
: Telephone: 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern)<br />
: Online referral form: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Report a safeguarding concern]<br />
<br />
; Professionals<br />
: Safeguarding Adults Concern referral via the Portal: [https://adultsportal.sunderland.gov.uk Safeguarding Adults Portal]<br />
: Guidance: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Sunderland Council – Worried about someone?]<br />
<br />
=== Police ===<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
=== Mental Health Services ===<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 16: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 17: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=705Safeguarding Children Policy2026-09-16T09:44:35Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Handcrafted Chair of Trustees */ updated trustee names</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Names: Frances Njovana, Karen Bianchi<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On-Call_Quick_Guide&diff=700On-Call Quick Guide2026-09-02T13:35:30Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: "policy in development"</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a brief guide for quick reference while you're on call. It summarises the key points from on-call training. Use it as a refresher if you've done the training and want a reminder, or as a first orientation if you're new to being on call. A more detailed policy is being developed to sit behind this guide; please speak to your line manager or Dan Northover when in doubt about what to do.<br />
<br />
== The on-call rotas ==<br />
<br />
We currently run two rotas. The '''Hummingbird rota''' is covered by the Hummingbird team leads, given the complexity of the scenarios involved; if you're not on that team, you're very unlikely to be asked to cover it. The '''Engage rota''' covers Tyne & Wear, Durham, and Middlesbrough together. This means more ground to cover when you're on call for Engage, but you'll be on call less often as a result.<br />
<br />
== Before you go on call ==<br />
<br />
Before covering a shift, make sure you have:<br />
<br />
* '''Key safe information''' for every property you may get a call from.<br />
* '''Camera access tested in advance:''' don't find out a login fails at 2am.<br />
* '''The EDT number''' for every area you're covering that night.<br />
* '''Manager contact details''', and a clear sense of when you'd need to escalate to them.<br />
* '''Emergency contractor information''', gas and electricity guidance, and a registered supermarket app or delivery service.<br />
* '''Laptop and Airtable access''' for every resident in your area; your phone alone won't always be enough.<br />
* '''Your preferred on-call number confirmed in advance''', and know how to get the line transferred to it correctly.<br />
* '''A signposting guide''' for your area, saved somewhere you can actually find it at short notice.<br />
<br />
If you're missing any of this, speak to a manager in advance so you're properly set up before you're on call. It's also worth knowing the basics of troubleshooting common issues in the properties you cover, as this can save an unnecessary call-out. Talk to your team about the quirks of your properties and what's worked before.<br />
<br />
== Step 1: First contact and assessing risk ==<br />
<br />
'''Pause and respond, rather than panic and react.''' Before deciding anything, think through:<br />
<br />
* What's the actual risk?<br />
* What information do I need to understand the situation properly?<br />
* Can this be resolved safely without attending? (This is always our preference, while still being ready to attend if genuinely needed.)<br />
* Am I responding to pressure, or to genuine urgency? Pressure might come from you, particularly if you're new to being on call, or from a determined young person. Agreeing to everything asked of you isn't the same as keeping someone safe.<br />
<br />
Aim to respond to first contact within 30 minutes. It's fine to tell a young person you're going to look into things and call them back shortly, rather than deciding under pressure with them on the line.<br />
<br />
== Step 2: Check the safety plan, curfew and visitors ==<br />
<br />
Review the safety plan to understand any known risks: violence, aggression, substance use, or community issues. Every young person has their own '''individual curfew''', agreed with them; not a blanket 11pm default. Check what someone's actual curfew is rather than assuming. We don't track every young person's return; that isn't feasible. For a small number of young people with a specific, known risk, a safety plan may set a fixed return time; check for this.<br />
<br />
The safety plan will also list '''safe contacts''' approved to visit, and may include '''restrictions on providing food''' or other items. If you're not sure where to find a young person's information, ask a manager in advance.<br />
<br />
== Step 3: Decide the response ==<br />
<br />
Consider the full range of options before attending in person:<br />
<br />
* Remote advice, reassurance, or problem-solving over the phone.<br />
* Signposting to the right service.<br />
* A planned check-in (this doesn't have to be you, as long as the handover is clear).<br />
* An in-person visit. This is the exception, not the default, and only once you've confirmed it's safe and the on-call manager knows you're lone working.<br />
<br />
If you do need to attend somewhere unfamiliar, do a quick location risk assessment: think about parking, lighting, and consider carrying a personal alarm between the car and the property.<br />
<br />
'''Contact EDT for advice or to report a concern whenever you're unsure. You will never get into trouble for calling EDT.''' It's always better to call than to sit at home wondering if you should have. For a live emergency, it's always '''999 first''', before anything else.<br />
<br />
== Signposting ==<br />
<br />
Build up familiarity over time with services like Shout, Cooth, and the Mix: text or phone support young people can access day or night. You don't need this memorised straight away; use the signposting document while you build confidence. Where you do signpost, follow up afterwards to check contact was made and what advice was given. Many services also offer safety planning over the phone or online, which can be more helpful than what we're able to offer over a call ourselves.<br />
<br />
== Calling EDT ==<br />
<br />
Local authorities vary in how they want concerns reported: some by form, some by phone. EDT will typically ask for the young person's name, address, the nature of your concern, relevant background, and what's already been done. Ask for the name of the person you spoke to, and record it along with the advice given in an Airtable note.<br />
<br />
'''If police or ambulance are meant to be involved, always confirm their attendance yourself, directly. Never take someone else's word for it.''' Don't enter a property until you know for certain the right people are already there.<br />
<br />
== When to call a manager ==<br />
<br />
Not every situation needs manager contact. Use your professional judgement, and lean more on EDT as your confidence grows. Contact a manager for:<br />
<br />
* High-risk situations or major safeguarding concerns.<br />
* Significant uncertainty about safety, yours or the young person's.<br />
* Serious incidents, such as domestic abuse or a serious assault.<br />
<br />
For '''very severe circumstances''' (a fire, an attempted suicide, a death), bypass any other manager and go straight to '''Dan'''.<br />
<br />
For an ongoing emergency, always contact EDT and the police first; don't let looping in a manager slow that down. When you do call a manager, it helps to come with a plan already in mind: ''"I'm considering doing X, because Y and Z; can you confirm I've covered everything?"'' Managers are there to support your decision-making, not to replace your judgement. If you can't reach your manager and need an urgent response, escalate to Dan.<br />
<br />
== Recording and handover ==<br />
<br />
* Record notes in a timely way, ideally the same night; your on-call pay covers this, not just the call itself. Complete notes before the day team starts at 8:30am.<br />
* Tag the relevant colleagues and managers directly in your notes; don't assume a note alone means people will see it.<br />
* Use the on-call box on Airtable to track out-of-hours responses.<br />
* Follow up with the social worker or young person's adviser, and copy in managers.<br />
* Any messages to a young person should always come from your '''work number''', even if they've contacted your personal number.<br />
* Make sure the handover to whoever's picking things up next is genuinely clear about anything still unresolved.<br />
<br />
== Looking after yourself ==<br />
<br />
If a call or visit has been distressing, ask for a debrief; this is a normal part of the process, not an extra ask. Don't hold things alone, and don't go to bed worried about a decision you've made, as we'd always rather hear from you. A lone working app is in development, which will let you log when you're heading to a property and escalate automatically if you don't check back in. In the meantime, WhatsApp is fine for non-urgent updates, but ring rather than text if you need an urgent response, especially after 10pm.<br />
<br />
== Five things to hold onto ==<br />
<br />
# '''Attendance is the exception.''' You are not expected to attend every time.<br />
# '''Be safe first, always.'''<br />
# '''Signpost to the right service''', genuinely, not to pass the buck.<br />
# '''999, then EDT, then manager:''' Dan if there's no response.<br />
# '''Follow up and record, every time''', even when nothing happened.<br />
<br />
== Key reminders ==<br />
<br />
* Set a reminder for both ends of your shift (4:30pm and 8:30am).<br />
* Confirm your on-call number well in advance.<br />
* If you're not on call, turn your phone off and let the WhatsApp Business bounce-back do its job.<br />
* Complete lone working training before requesting a place on the rota.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On-Call_Quick_Guide&diff=699On-Call Quick Guide2026-09-02T13:33:11Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: New guide uploaded</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a brief guide for quick reference while you're on call. It summarises the key points from on-call training. Use it as a refresher if you've done the training and want a reminder, or as a first orientation if you're new to being on call. A more detailed policy sits behind this guide; please refer to that for full guidance, and speak to your line manager or Dan Northover when in doubt about what to do.<br />
<br />
== The on-call rotas ==<br />
<br />
We currently run two rotas. The '''Hummingbird rota''' is covered by the Hummingbird team leads, given the complexity of the scenarios involved; if you're not on that team, you're very unlikely to be asked to cover it. The '''Engage rota''' covers Tyne & Wear, Durham, and Middlesbrough together. This means more ground to cover when you're on call for Engage, but you'll be on call less often as a result.<br />
<br />
== Before you go on call ==<br />
<br />
Before covering a shift, make sure you have:<br />
<br />
* '''Key safe information''' for every property you may get a call from.<br />
* '''Camera access tested in advance:''' don't find out a login fails at 2am.<br />
* '''The EDT number''' for every area you're covering that night.<br />
* '''Manager contact details''', and a clear sense of when you'd need to escalate to them.<br />
* '''Emergency contractor information''', gas and electricity guidance, and a registered supermarket app or delivery service.<br />
* '''Laptop and Airtable access''' for every resident in your area; your phone alone won't always be enough.<br />
* '''Your preferred on-call number confirmed in advance''', and know how to get the line transferred to it correctly.<br />
* '''A signposting guide''' for your area, saved somewhere you can actually find it at short notice.<br />
<br />
If you're missing any of this, speak to a manager in advance so you're properly set up before you're on call. It's also worth knowing the basics of troubleshooting common issues in the properties you cover, as this can save an unnecessary call-out. Talk to your team about the quirks of your properties and what's worked before.<br />
<br />
== Step 1: First contact and assessing risk ==<br />
<br />
'''Pause and respond, rather than panic and react.''' Before deciding anything, think through:<br />
<br />
* What's the actual risk?<br />
* What information do I need to understand the situation properly?<br />
* Can this be resolved safely without attending? (This is always our preference, while still being ready to attend if genuinely needed.)<br />
* Am I responding to pressure, or to genuine urgency? Pressure might come from you, particularly if you're new to being on call, or from a determined young person. Agreeing to everything asked of you isn't the same as keeping someone safe.<br />
<br />
Aim to respond to first contact within 30 minutes. It's fine to tell a young person you're going to look into things and call them back shortly, rather than deciding under pressure with them on the line.<br />
<br />
== Step 2: Check the safety plan, curfew and visitors ==<br />
<br />
Review the safety plan to understand any known risks: violence, aggression, substance use, or community issues. Every young person has their own '''individual curfew''', agreed with them; not a blanket 11pm default. Check what someone's actual curfew is rather than assuming. We don't track every young person's return; that isn't feasible. For a small number of young people with a specific, known risk, a safety plan may set a fixed return time; check for this.<br />
<br />
The safety plan will also list '''safe contacts''' approved to visit, and may include '''restrictions on providing food''' or other items. If you're not sure where to find a young person's information, ask a manager in advance.<br />
<br />
== Step 3: Decide the response ==<br />
<br />
Consider the full range of options before attending in person:<br />
<br />
* Remote advice, reassurance, or problem-solving over the phone.<br />
* Signposting to the right service.<br />
* A planned check-in (this doesn't have to be you, as long as the handover is clear).<br />
* An in-person visit. This is the exception, not the default, and only once you've confirmed it's safe and the on-call manager knows you're lone working.<br />
<br />
If you do need to attend somewhere unfamiliar, do a quick location risk assessment: think about parking, lighting, and consider carrying a personal alarm between the car and the property.<br />
<br />
'''Contact EDT for advice or to report a concern whenever you're unsure. You will never get into trouble for calling EDT.''' It's always better to call than to sit at home wondering if you should have. For a live emergency, it's always '''999 first''', before anything else.<br />
<br />
== Signposting ==<br />
<br />
Build up familiarity over time with services like Shout, Cooth, and the Mix: text or phone support young people can access day or night. You don't need this memorised straight away; use the signposting document while you build confidence. Where you do signpost, follow up afterwards to check contact was made and what advice was given. Many services also offer safety planning over the phone or online, which can be more helpful than what we're able to offer over a call ourselves.<br />
<br />
== Calling EDT ==<br />
<br />
Local authorities vary in how they want concerns reported: some by form, some by phone. EDT will typically ask for the young person's name, address, the nature of your concern, relevant background, and what's already been done. Ask for the name of the person you spoke to, and record it along with the advice given in an Airtable note.<br />
<br />
'''If police or ambulance are meant to be involved, always confirm their attendance yourself, directly. Never take someone else's word for it.''' Don't enter a property until you know for certain the right people are already there.<br />
<br />
== When to call a manager ==<br />
<br />
Not every situation needs manager contact. Use your professional judgement, and lean more on EDT as your confidence grows. Contact a manager for:<br />
<br />
* High-risk situations or major safeguarding concerns.<br />
* Significant uncertainty about safety, yours or the young person's.<br />
* Serious incidents, such as domestic abuse or a serious assault.<br />
<br />
For '''very severe circumstances''' (a fire, an attempted suicide, a death), bypass any other manager and go straight to '''Dan'''.<br />
<br />
For an ongoing emergency, always contact EDT and the police first; don't let looping in a manager slow that down. When you do call a manager, it helps to come with a plan already in mind: ''"I'm considering doing X, because Y and Z; can you confirm I've covered everything?"'' Managers are there to support your decision-making, not to replace your judgement. If you can't reach your manager and need an urgent response, escalate to Dan.<br />
<br />
== Recording and handover ==<br />
<br />
* Record notes in a timely way, ideally the same night; your on-call pay covers this, not just the call itself. Complete notes before the day team starts at 8:30am.<br />
* Tag the relevant colleagues and managers directly in your notes; don't assume a note alone means people will see it.<br />
* Use the on-call box on Airtable to track out-of-hours responses.<br />
* Follow up with the social worker or young person's adviser, and copy in managers.<br />
* Any messages to a young person should always come from your '''work number''', even if they've contacted your personal number.<br />
* Make sure the handover to whoever's picking things up next is genuinely clear about anything still unresolved.<br />
<br />
== Looking after yourself ==<br />
<br />
If a call or visit has been distressing, ask for a debrief; this is a normal part of the process, not an extra ask. Don't hold things alone, and don't go to bed worried about a decision you've made, as we'd always rather hear from you. A lone working app is in development, which will let you log when you're heading to a property and escalate automatically if you don't check back in. In the meantime, WhatsApp is fine for non-urgent updates, but ring rather than text if you need an urgent response, especially after 10pm.<br />
<br />
== Five things to hold onto ==<br />
<br />
# '''Attendance is the exception.''' You are not expected to attend every time.<br />
# '''Be safe first, always.'''<br />
# '''Signpost to the right service''', genuinely, not to pass the buck.<br />
# '''999, then EDT, then manager:''' Dan if there's no response.<br />
# '''Follow up and record, every time''', even when nothing happened.<br />
<br />
== Key reminders ==<br />
<br />
* Set a reminder for both ends of your shift (4:30pm and 8:30am).<br />
* Confirm your on-call number well in advance.<br />
* If you're not on call, turn your phone off and let the WhatsApp Business bounce-back do its job.<br />
* Complete lone working training before requesting a place on the rota.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Template:Quick_Guides_and_Essentials&diff=698Template:Quick Guides and Essentials2026-09-02T13:32:29Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>* [[Conditioning Awareness Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Confidentiality Essentials]]<br />
* [[Cyber and Privacy Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essentials]]<br />
* [[Health and Safety Essentials]]<br />
* [[Lone Working Essentials]]<br />
* [[On-Call Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Record Keeping Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Risk Assessment Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Safeguarding Essentials]]<br />
* [[Safety Plans Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Suicide Prevention Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Support Planning Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[The Person-Centred Approach Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[The Solution-Focused Approach Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Trauma-Informed Practice Quick Guide]]<br />
* [[Working in Group Settings Quick Guide]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=On_Call_Working_Policy&diff=688On Call Working Policy2026-07-24T12:05:12Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: updated review and approval details</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy outlines our arrangements for out-of-hours support and the conditions under which on-call duties are undertaken and compensated. It ensures fair, consistent, and effective delivery of essential services outside core hours.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
![[The Deputy Director of Operations: Engage Hub|'''The Deputy Director of Operations: Young People''']]<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
| 11/02/2025 (currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Introduction & Purpose =<br />
<br />
Handcrafted currently operates core hours between 8:30am and 5pm, Monday to Friday. We recognise the importance of supporting critical services outside these core hours, including weekends and bank holidays.<br />
<br />
This policy provides a framework to ensure:<br />
<br />
* Key systems and services can be adequately supported and an effective response and resolution provided to matters requiring urgent attention outside our core business hours<br />
* A consistent approach to the implementation of on-call and call-out arrangements<br />
* Members of staff who may be required to provide an essential on-call and call-out service in order to respond to service user needs and to operational requirements are rewarded on a consistent, fair and equitable basis<br />
<br />
This policy aims to harmonise practice across the organisation.<br />
<br />
= Scope =<br />
<br />
This policy applies to all members of staff who work on-call outside their normal working hours on an approved on-call rota or call-out arrangements to deliver business-critical services outside core hours. <br />
<br />
It does not apply to colleagues who participate in planned events outside of core business hours, such as open days.<br />
<br />
= Definitions =<br />
<br />
'''On-Call''': Non-work time, during which members of staff are required to be available to handle job-related activities and emergencies out of hours.<br />
<br />
A member of staff is on-call when, as part of an established arrangement expressly approved by their line manager or designated manager, they are available outside core service hours to work as required and to physically attend the specified site or sites if the matter cannot be dealt with remotely.<br />
<br />
= Principles =<br />
<br />
* While on-call, staff may need to respond to urgent issues before the next working day, remotely or by attending the workplace.<br />
* Staff are not expected to remain at home but must comply with responsibilities outlined below.<br />
* Staff called to work during an emergency (whether on-call or not) receive a call-out payment for hours worked but not the on-call payment.<br />
* On-call rotas are for covering essential services, not for events suited to overtime or standard non-core shifts.<br />
* Rotas will be managed on a voluntary opt-in basis where possible.<br />
* All eligible staff will have equal opportunity to participate in the rota and receive associated payments.<br />
* Line managers will ensure fair distribution of cover.<br />
* On-call duty may be contractual where it is an essential job requirement and will be specified in the employment contract.<br />
* Managers must minimise inconvenience an*</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=687Safeguarding Children Policy2026-07-24T09:49:32Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Working Together superseded 2023 by 2026 - updated references</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2026".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Dr Paul Morley<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Name: Eileen Brady<br />
<br />
Email: eileenbrady63@gmail.com<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Vulnerable_Adults_Policy&diff=686Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy2026-07-24T09:47:53Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: update DSO and review date</p>
<hr />
<div>This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025 (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Our objectives ==<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
== Our commitments ==<br />
<br />
=== Safeguarding commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to adult beneficiaries of Handcrafted (hereafter 'trainees'), in accordance with our objectives, are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding vulnerable adults is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
== The purpose and scope of this policy ==<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# The statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of adults according to the Care Act 2014 and other relevant legislation (see Appendix 17 for a full list), ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people over the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ==<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.2: The safeguarding duties apply to an adult who:<br />
<br />
* has needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs)<br />
* is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect<br />
* as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.<br />
<br />
According to the statutory guidance for the Care Act 2014, paragraph 14.7:<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means protecting an adult's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. It is about people and organisations working together to prevent and stop both the risks and experience of abuse or neglect, while at the same time making sure that the adult's wellbeing is promoted including, where appropriate, having regard to their views, wishes, feelings and beliefs in deciding on any action. This must recognise that adults sometimes have complex interpersonal relationships and may be ambivalent, unclear or unrealistic about their personal circumstances.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted trainees may be vulnerable for one or more reasons, including age, mental or physical health conditions, bereavement, drug or alcohol addictions, or learning, sensory or physical disability. They may approach Handcrafted for support because they are in distress or struggling with difficult circumstances. We also work with individuals who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or who are more vulnerable for other reasons such as mental illness.<br />
<br />
== Assurance ==<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
== Partnerships ==<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place [Appendix 11], partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff<br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place. <br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns [Appendix 1]. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision [Appendix 2] ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Safe recruitment ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment [Appendix 3].<br />
<br />
==== '''Professional Boundaries''' ====<br />
Maintaining clear professional boundaries is an essential part of safeguarding adults at risk. Any attempt to derive personal benefit through abuse of position will be treated as a safeguarding matter. Staff are trained during induction and annual refresher sessions on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions.<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns in adults ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard adults. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in adults [Appendix 9] and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The Care Act (2014) defines ten categories of abuse ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults|Appendix 8]]):<br />
<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Domestic violence or abuse<br />
* Sexual abuse<br />
* Psychological or emotional abuse<br />
* Financial or material abuse<br />
* Modern slavery<br />
* Discriminatory abuse<br />
* Organisational or institutional abuse<br />
* Neglect or acts of omission<br />
* Self-neglect<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping ([[Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults Policy#Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern|Appendix 12]]) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services [Appendix 6].<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with the organisation's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training [Appendix 1] ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles & Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Deputy Safeguarding Officer (DSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The DSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Charlotte Clarke<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with our other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy [3.2].<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Name: Eileen Brady<br />
<br />
Email: eileenbrady63@gmail.com<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the organisation's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy [1.2.1]. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations [Appendices 14-15] ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board (Gateshead SAB) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with Gateshead SAB's Multi-Agency Policy and Procedures. Gateshead SAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership is a range of public authorities, including the council, the police and health services, who share a duty to keep adults in County Durham safe from abuse, harm and neglect. Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland City Council – Adult Services ====<br />
<br />
* 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern, Mon–Fri, 8.30am–5pm)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560 (at night, weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12495/Safeguarding-for-Adults Safeguarding for Adults – Sunderland City Council]<br />
<br />
The Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) brings together Sunderland City Council, Northumbria Police, and the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board as the three statutory safeguarding partners. Its role is to ensure that adults with care and support needs are protected from abuse and neglect, and that effective multi-agency arrangements are in place.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSAB’s policies and procedures. SSAB has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies.<br />
<br />
NHS 111 - Available 24/7: by dialling 111, you will get to speak to a mental health professional who can listen and help you to find the right support. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Training will take place on a fortnightly basis and will be mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 2: Supervising staff ==<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight <nowiki>https://thirtyoneeight.org/</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding suitable is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns. <br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform. <br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate <br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed <br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified <br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should:<br />
<br />
* Conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
* If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
* Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
* You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
* You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
* You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection. <br />
<br />
=== Public events ===<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence. <br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Prevent Duty ==<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.' Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales 1 April 2021.<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect vulnerable adults from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
* ignoring medical<br />
* emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
=== Self-neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== What this could include: ====<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
=== Child neglect ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual exploitation ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation online ====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
<br />
multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
<br />
==== Definition: ====<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
<br />
==== Signs to look out for: ====<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Low-level concerns ==<br />
<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation or concern involves an under-18 resident in Ofsted registered supported accommodation, the Registered Young People's Manager is responsible for determining whether a serious incident has occurred. These may not meet the threshold for LADO but if a serious incident is identified, it must be reported to Ofsted through the appropriate channels in accordance with regulatory requirements. This reporting obligation runs parallel to, and does not replace, the standard safeguarding procedures outlined above, including LADO referrals where appropriate. The Registered Young People's Manager will ensure all relevant regulatory notifications are completed within the required timeframes.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== NSPCC ===<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Thirtyone:eight ===<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
== Appendix 15: External contacts for reporting incidents ==<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ===<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
=== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ===<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
=== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ===<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Sunderland Adult Safeguarding ===<br />
<br />
; Members of the public<br />
: Telephone: 0191 520 5552 (to raise a safeguarding concern)<br />
: Online referral form: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Report a safeguarding concern]<br />
<br />
; Professionals<br />
: Safeguarding Adults Concern referral via the Portal: [https://adultsportal.sunderland.gov.uk Safeguarding Adults Portal]<br />
: Guidance: [https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/27575/Worried-about-someone Sunderland Council – Worried about someone?]<br />
<br />
=== Police ===<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
=== Mental Health Services ===<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 16: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 17: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Safeguarding_Children_Policy&diff=685Safeguarding Children Policy2026-07-24T09:41:58Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: added Stacey DSO, updated review date</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are committed to creating a safe and supportive environment for all children and young people who engage with our services. We recognise our responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare, ensuring they are protected from harm, abuse, and exploitation.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out our approach to safeguarding children, outlining the procedures staff and volunteers must follow to identify, report, and respond to concerns. It is reviewed as required and at least annually by the Safeguarding Steering Group, with final approval from the Trustees.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!'''[[The Safeguarding Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/07/2025. (Currently being reviewed - July 2026)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Organisation Details<br />
| '''Name of Organisation''' || Handcrafted Projects<br />
|-<br />
| '''Address''' || Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Littleburn Industrial Estate, Langley Moor, DH7 8HG<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''' || 0191 378 1562<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Charity No.''' || 1146188<br />
|-<br />
| '''Registered Company No.''' || 07884740<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Our objectives ===<br />
Handcrafted exists for the following purposes:<br />
<br />
# To promote social inclusion for the public benefit by preventing people from becoming socially excluded, relieving the needs of those people who are socially excluded and assisting them to integrate into society. For the purpose of this clause "socially excluded" means being excluded from society, or parts of society, as a result of one of the following factors: unemployed; financial hardship; old age; substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs and poor education or skills attainment.<br />
# The relief of unemployment for the benefit of the public in such ways as may be thought fit, including assistance to find employment.<br />
# The relief of financial hardship by providing people with goods and services which they could not otherwise afford through lack of means.<br />
# The advancement of the Christian faith for the benefit of the public. <br />
<br />
=== Our commitments ===<br />
Handcrafted Projects is committed to:<br />
<br />
# Taking all reasonable measures to ensure the risks of harm to child beneficiaries of Handcrafted, in accordance with our objectives (hereafter, 'trainees'), are minimised.<br />
# Working with other agencies to ensure that a joined-up approach to safeguarding children is taken. This includes working to agreed local policies and procedures in partnership with other local services.<br />
# Keeping a record of all safeguarding concerns that arise with respect to trainees' safety.<br />
# Keeping a record of all decisions that are made to minimise risks of harm to trainees.<br />
# Reporting safeguarding concerns when necessary, to relevant other agencies, emergency services, or local authorities.<br />
# Having a senior member of the organisation to take lead responsibility for dealing with safeguarding issues, providing advice and support to other staff, liaising with other staff, and working with other agencies. They will be known as the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO).<br />
# Having at least two members of the Board of Trustees to take responsibility for liaising with and providing advice and support to the Nominated Person as they and other staff deal with safeguarding issues. These trustees will take lead responsibility for ensuring that this policy, other Handcrafted policies and statutory guidance are adhered to at all times, and for ensuring that this policy is kept up to date. They will be known as Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs).<br />
# Encouraging trainees to respect and care for others and taking action to prevent any physical, verbal or other abuse from taking place.<br />
# Creating an environment of listening, where trainees feel able to voice their concerns about inappropriate behaviour, and where trainees are listened to and taken seriously by all staff.<br />
# Creating an environment of accountability, where strong sanctions are provided to deter abuse, victimisation and cover-up of serious malpractice, and where these sanctions are clearly and consistently communicated to trainees and staff.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures are maintained and updated to comply with current local and national legal and statutory requirements and guidance.<br />
# Ensuring our policies and procedures apply to all staff and trainees, whatever their gender, age, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, religion.<br />
# Ensuring that all staff and trainees are made aware of their responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and safety of others, and ensuring that policies and procedures including this policy are clearly and consistently communicated to staff and easily accessible for reference.<br />
<br />
=== The purpose and scope of this policy ===<br />
This policy should be read in conjunction with:<br />
<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2023".<br />
# Statutory guidance from the Department for Education, "What to do if you're worried a child is being abused", 2015.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the Social Care Institute for Excellence.<br />
# Advice and guidance from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hereafter 'NSPCC'.<br />
# The Handcrafted Safeguarding Appendices.<br />
<br />
This policy sets out how Handcrafted fulfils its statutory responsibilities for the safeguarding of children according to the Department for Education's statutory guidance, ensuring that all Handcrafted trainees are protected, respected, listened to, and treated with dignity and empathy. It sets out how Handcrafted ensures that its safeguarding commitments are fulfilled so that safeguarding is central to the achievement of the charity's objectives.<br />
<br />
This policy covers the safeguarding of all people under the age of 18 who benefit from Handcrafted's work. All members of Handcrafted staff, volunteers and contractors, are expected to comply with this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Contextual Safeguarding Approach ===<br />
We have adopted the principles of Contextual Safeguarding in our approach to our work in safeguarding children.<br />
<br />
=== Definitions ===<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018", the safeguarding duties apply to all children up to the age of 18 years whether living with their families, in state care, or living independently.<br />
<br />
According to "Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018":<br />
<br />
Safeguarding means:<br />
<br />
* Protecting children from maltreatment<br />
* Preventing impairment of children's mental and physical health or development<br />
* Ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care<br />
* Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes.<br />
<br />
=== Assurance ===<br />
This policy is reviewed at least once a year by the Safeguarding Steering Group and subsequently approved and endorsed by the Handcrafted Board of Trustees.<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
Where multi-agency partnerships are in place, partner organisations are to be made aware of our safeguarding procedures as outlined in this policy.<br />
<br />
== Safeguarding Measures ==<br />
Handcrafted's safeguarding commitments will be met by taking appropriate action to ensure that:<br />
<br />
* Handcrafted provides a safe environment for trainees and staff <br />
* Staff are recruited safely<br />
* Safeguarding concerns are identified and reported<br />
* Trainees who may be affected by safeguarding concerns are supported appropriately<br />
* Awareness is raised among trainees and staff of the importance of safeguarding and actions that they can take to ensure Handcrafted is a safe place.<br />
<br />
=== Safe environment ===<br />
<br />
==== Supervised environments ====<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all environments in which an activity organised by Handcrafted takes place are safe for Handcrafted trainees.<br />
<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Health & Safety Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Lone Working Policy at all times.<br />
* Staff will adhere to the Handcrafted Equal Opportunities Policy at all times.<br />
* Environments where a gathered activity is taking place with more than one trainee in attendance will, at all times, be supervised by more than one member of Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
==== Trained & identifiable staff ====<br />
All Handcrafted staff will be appropriately trained to recognise and report any safeguarding concerns. In particular, the Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO), Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) and Training Supervisors will be trained externally by thirtyone:eight on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
Staff who have evidence of valid up-to-date safeguarding training will be issued with Handcrafted uniform. This is bright blue and bears the Handcrafted logo so that staff can be easily identified by trainees and other staff. Trainees will never be permitted to wear a Handcrafted uniform.<br />
<br />
==== Staff supervision ====<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. (See [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Supervising staff|Appendix 1]])<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Professional Boundaries ====<br />
Breaches of professional boundaries, including any attempt to gain personal benefit from a position of trust, are considered safeguarding concerns. Staff receive training at induction and annually on conditioning, professional boundaries, gifts, and financial interactions to help prevent and identify risks of exploitation.<br />
<br />
=== Safe recruitment ===<br />
Measures will be taken to ensure that all Handcrafted paid staff and volunteers are appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. (see [[Safeguarding Children Policy#Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment|Appendix 2]])<br />
<br />
=== Identifying and reporting concerns ===<br />
<br />
==== Identifying concerns for children ====<br />
All Handcrafted workers have a duty of care and are expected to work with the organisation, statutory authorities and multidisciplinary agencies to safeguard children. Staff cannot assume it is somebody else's job to raise a concern if something comes to their attention. To enable them to carry out their duties, all front-line staff are trained on how to recognise the signs of abuse in children (See Appendix 8) and how to raise a concern. Staff receive training on the Prevent Duty and know how to implement that training.<br />
<br />
The NSPCC have identified the following categories of abuse and neglect (See Appendix 8):<br />
<br />
* Child neglect <br />
* Child sexual abuse <br />
* Child sexual exploitation <br />
* Harmful sexual behaviour <br />
* Bullying<br />
* Online abuse<br />
* Physical abuse<br />
* Female genital mutilation (FGM)<br />
* Domestic abuse<br />
* Child trafficking and modern slavery<br />
* County lines<br />
* Emotional abuse<br />
<br />
==== Reporting and record-keeping (see Appendix 11) ====<br />
Suspicions must not be discussed with anyone other than the HSO or their Deputy. As soon as possible, employees should make a written record of their concerns and keep it in a secure place. The HSO/Deputy is to collate and clarify the precise details of an allegation or suspicion and, if necessary, pass this information on to statutory agencies who have a legal duty to investigate. Safeguarding concerns are recorded in the standard progress notes and 'flagged' for rapid review by the HSO/Deputy. Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, including some basic personal information and a record of each engagement of that trainee with Handcrafted's services.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality ====<br />
Details of safeguarding concerns that have been recorded by a member of staff will be shared with the HSO/Deputy so that they can collaborate with the staff to determine the appropriate course of action. It may be necessary to pass information on to statutory agencies or to the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. If this is the case, information that could be used to identify the trainee(s) concerned will be anonymised wherever possible.<br />
<br />
=== Supporting people ===<br />
<br />
==== Holistic, person-centred and empowering support ====<br />
Handcrafted aims to offer holistic, person-centred and empowering support to every trainee who engages with our services. When staff are dealing with a safeguarding concern, they will keep this support approach in mind and maintain the high standard of support to which Handcrafted is committed.<br />
<br />
Staff will pay close attention to the needs of trainees who may be the victims of any form of abuse, and in their record-keeping will ascertain how Handcrafted can appropriately work to meet these needs as well as the historical details of any allegations. A holistic, person-centred and trauma-informed approach will be taken in planning how best to support victims.<br />
<br />
Staff will treat both victims and perpetrators of safeguarding cases with dignity and respect, in line with Handcrafted's ethos.<br />
<br />
==== Confidentiality and disclosure guidance ====<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times adhere to the Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance.<br />
<br />
When a trainee makes a disclosure to a member of staff which leads the staff to suspect there may be a risk to their safety or wellbeing, the member of staff will inform the trainee that they are required by law to record the disclosure and to report it to the HSO. Wherever possible, the member of staff will anticipate a disclosure being made and warn the trainee before they disclose sensitive information that they will have to record and report it.<br />
<br />
=== Raising awareness ===<br />
<br />
==== Staff training ====<br />
Handcrafted is committed to ongoing safeguarding training and development opportunities for all employed and supervised workers, developing a culture of awareness of safeguarding issues to help protect everyone for whom we are in a position of trust. During the induction period (two weeks) for new members of staff, every employee will complete Mandatory Safeguarding Training (including familiarisation with the contents of this policy and its appendices) along with Mandatory Training on Lone Working and Confidentiality and Disclosure before they are permitted to work unsupervised with trainees or residents. This training is updated and repeated annually for all members of the team. Staff will also have dedicated time to access further safeguarding training resources appropriate to their role that are offered by partner organisations such as thirtyone:eight.<br />
<br />
==== Educating & empowering trainees ====<br />
Handcrafted also recognises the importance of empowering trainees to recognise and report safeguarding issues. We believe that all individuals should have the right to feel safe and protected from harm or abuse and that it is our responsibility to ensure trainees have the knowledge and skills necessary to recognise and report any concerns they may have.<br />
<br />
We are therefore committed to raising awareness for trainees on what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to recognise the signs of abuse, and how to report any concerns they may have. This is primarily through the 1:1 support work that we do with each of our trainees. Our support workers help trainees to improve their ability to recognise early warning signs, identify when they might be in an unsafe situation, and raise the alarm themselves.<br />
<br />
We also raise awareness through posters prominently displayed in our hubs including contact details for the safeguarding officers and information on the importance of consent, boundaries, and healthy relationships.<br />
<br />
The safeguarding lead and deputies are responsible for ensuring that all information materials are accessible, easy to understand, and culturally appropriate.<br />
<br />
At induction, when a trainee initially engages in using our service, it is the responsibility of the inducting staff member to explain the 'blue shirts' policy at Handcrafted, whereby members of staff with safeguarding training can be identified. They will also be advised on how to<br />
<br />
* recognise and respond to inappropriate behaviour<br />
* seek support if needed<br />
* raise any concerns about another trainee or a staff member <br />
* contact one of the charity's safeguarding officers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Appropriate training on specific topics, such as domestic violence, will be tailored to the needs of different trainee groups and delivered in a variety of formats, including workshops, one-to-one sessions, and signposting to online resources.<br />
<br />
<br />
Overall, our aim is to ensure that trainees are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to recognise and respond to safeguarding issues. By empowering trainees in this way, we believe we can create a safer and more supportive environment for all.<br />
<br />
== Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
<br />
=== All staff ===<br />
All Handcrafted staff have a duty to comply with this policy. This includes taking all reasonable measures to ensure that Handcrafted is a safe environment, challenging all inappropriate behaviour among trainees or colleagues, identifying and reporting any safeguarding concerns, supporting trainees appropriately and raising awareness about safeguarding among trainees and colleagues.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) ===<br />
Name: Daniel Northover, CEO<br />
<br />
Email: dan@handcraftedproject.com<br />
<br />
Phone: 07917 037479<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Officer (HSO) has a duty to collate precise details of safeguarding concerns and allegations which are reported by staff. They will liaise with the staff who have provided the report to decide on what the appropriate course of action should be, and support staff to take the appropriate steps. They will provide advice to staff who have queries about Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding, or about specific cases. Where a case is reported externally to another agency, the HSO will take responsibility for liaising with that agency. They will take reasonable measures to ensure that a joined-up and holistic approach is taken to supporting those affected by the case. They will attend the meetings of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. They will ensure that every Handcrafted staff member has a valid DBS check, and be responsible for the renewal of these checks as they approach expiry.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officers ===<br />
Ruth Crichton (ruth@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
Stacey Nicholas (stacey@handcraftedproject.com)<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Deputy Safeguarding Officer (HDSO) will assist the HSO with their duties. However, in accordance with the organisation's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The HDSO will take a lead on raising awareness within Handcrafted of the importance of safeguarding. This will include ensuring that this policy is clearly and consistently shared with staff, and that safeguarding procedures are displayed clearly in Handcrafted premises.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Chair of Trustees ===<br />
Name: Dr Paul Morley<br />
<br />
The Handcrafted Chair of Trustees will work with the rest of the Trustees to ensure that Handcrafted abides at all times with this policy, in conjunction with the organisation's other policies. They will take overall responsibility for ensuring that all safeguarding concerns, cases and decisions are recorded and the HSO carries out their role, as detailed in this policy.<br />
<br />
=== Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) ===<br />
Name: Eileen Brady<br />
<br />
Email: eileenbrady63@gmail.com<br />
<br />
The Nominated Trustees with Safeguarding Oversight (NOTSOs) will liaise with the HSO and provide them with advice and guidance on safeguarding matters. This may include advising the HSO on individual cases. However, in accordance with the Handcrafted's Confidentiality Policy and Guidance, the HSO will not share identifying details with them of trainees who are affected by safeguarding cases. The NOTSOs should also provide the HSO with advice and guidance on the Handcrafted's strategic approach to safeguarding, helping the HSO to ensure that Handcrafted fulfils all the commitments stated at the start of this policy. The NOTSOs will be members of the Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group. At least one NOTSO will attend each meeting of the group, to ensure quoracy.<br />
<br />
=== Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group ===<br />
The Handcrafted Safeguarding Steering Group will consist of the HSO, at least 2 NOTSOs, and at least 2 other Handcrafted staff. The group will meet at least once per month. A meeting will be quorate if the HSO, a NOTSO and another staff member are present. In the meetings, individual safeguarding cases will be discussed, without disclosure of identifying details of trainees. Members will take a collaborative approach to discuss the appropriate way to proceed with the most challenging cases. Handcrafted's approach to safeguarding will be continually reviewed at the meetings.<br />
<br />
=== Statutory services and partner organisations ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership (GSCP) has 3 statutory members: Gateshead Council, Northumbria Police, Newcastle Gateshead Clinical Commissioning Group. Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with GCSP's policies and procedures. GCSP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP) "supports a wide range of organisations to coordinate Early Help and safeguarding services across County Durham. By working together organisations are better able to identify and respond to the needs of children and young people. The DSCP fulfils a wide range of responsibilities to support safeguarding activity in County Durham, some of these are legal responsibilities and others are local arrangements agreed by the partnership." <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with DSCP's policies and procedures. DSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
Who to contact<br />
* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
<br />
Website: [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership] <br />
<br />
Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership has three statutory safeguarding partners: Sunderland City Council; North East and North Cumbria NHS; Northumbria Police. <br />
<br />
Handcrafted staff will at all times comply with SSCP’s policies and procedures. SSCP has a duty to act in accordance with its own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to it by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
==== Childline ====<br />
0800 1111 (24/7, free of charge)<br />
<br />
Childline provide advice and support to children who are concerned about their own safety or the safety of another child but don't want to talk to the police or a social worker. Handcrafted will ensure that all child trainees are briefed on the services that Childline offer, and the number to contact them on.<br />
<br />
==== Local police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
Safeguarding concerns will be reported by Handcrafted staff to either Durham Constabulary or Northumbria Police, when necessary. Durham Constabulary and Northumbria Police have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to concerns and incidents that are reported to them by Handcrafted staff, or which concern Handcrafted in any way.<br />
<br />
==== Local mental health services ====<br />
Professional help is available by dialling 111 and selecting the mental health option. <br />
<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899 , or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
Sunderland Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0191 246 6800<br />
<br />
Local mental health services including crisis teams have a duty to act in accordance with their own policies and procedures with respect to Handcrafted trainees who are referred to them, by Handcrafted staff or other agencies. <br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Thirtyone:eight are responsible for authorising DBS checks for all Handcrafted staff, when the HSO applies for authorisation for the checks.<br />
<br />
Thirtyone:eight also provides Handcrafted with up-to-date safeguarding training and advice and support on an ad-hoc basis via their helpline and ongoing training programme.<br />
<br />
= Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy Appendices =<br />
== Appendix 1: Training staff ==<br />
=== New staff ===<br />
All new staff will receive training on Handcrafted's policies and procedures during their two-week induction period. This will include training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and the procedures that are in place to maintain Handcrafted's commitment to safeguarding children as well as adults at risk of harm.<br />
<br />
=== Regular training ===<br />
Staff will receive regular training on a variety of topics. Core topics of training are mandatory for all staff. Staff who miss a mandatory training session will be asked to catch up with the training content using a recording of the session. The training will cover topics including the Handcrafted core values, different aspects of Handcrafted's approach to support work, and different areas of need including mental health and addictions. Aspects of safeguarding will be addressed during any training session where they are relevant, and some training sessions will be dedicated to safeguarding. There will be at least one dedicated safeguarding training session per year. Training will be delivered by experts on the topic being discussed. In some cases, this will be someone external to Handcrafted. In other cases, this will be a member of Handcrafted staff. Safeguarding training will usually be delivered by the HSO/HDSO.<br />
=== Supervising staff ===<br />
The HSO will be responsible for supervising the actions of Handcrafted staff to minimise the risk of harm to trainees and to respond to safeguarding risks and concerns. This will include offering advice and guidance on specific safeguarding cases to staff. It will also include offering feedback to individual members of staff on their performance in maintaining a safe environment and responding to safeguarding risks and concerns appropriately.<br />
<br />
The chair of Trustees will be responsible for supervising the actions of the HSO. This will include ensuring that the HSO is performing their duties as described above. It will also include taking overall responsibility for the full and consistent implementation of Handcrafted's safeguarding record-keeping and reporting procedures, including ensuring that the HSO is responding adequately to all safeguarding concerns that are raised.<br />
<br />
The HSO and NOTSOs will make use of the provision of support and supervision offered on an ad-hoc basis by [https://thirtyoneeight.org/ thirtyone:eight].<br />
== Appendix 2: Safe Recruitment ==<br />
=== Paid Workers ===<br />
All paid workers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that:<br />
<br />
* There is a written job description/person specification for every PAYE post<br />
* Those applying have completed an application form and a self-declaration form<br />
* Those shortlisted have been interviewed<br />
* Safeguarding has been discussed at interview<br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) bureau check has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for the successful applicant<br />
* The applicant has completed a probationary period<br />
* The applicant has been given a copy of our safeguarding policy and knows how to report concerns.<br />
<br />
We adhere to government guidance on the recruitment of ex-offenders. For further details, please see our [[Equal Opportunities Policy]], which includes our approach to fair recruitment and the handling of criminal record information.<br />
<br />
=== Staff Induction ===<br />
All staff joining Handcrafted complete an induction during their first two weeks to ensure that they are fully aware of the charity's policies and procedures and are able to provide the expected level of service. Staff are not authorised to supervise trainees or work unsupervised until DBS checks and mandatory induction training have been completed. Staff training includes training on the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy and Handcrafted's safeguarding procedures. On completion of the necessary checks and training, staff are provided with uniform.<br />
<br />
=== Volunteers ===<br />
All volunteers will be appointed, trained, supported and supervised in accordance with government guidance on safe recruitment. This includes ensuring that: <br />
<br />
* Every volunteer has a written job description <br />
* Volunteers have completed a self-declaration form <br />
* Written references have been obtained, and followed up where appropriate<br />
* A Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check bureau has been completed<br />
* Qualifications where relevant have been verified Appropriate training in safeguarding is given <br />
* Volunteers are given a copy of our safeguarding policy and know how to report concerns<br />
* Appropriate training in safeguarding is provided for each volunteer<br />
<br />
=== Trainees in helping roles ===<br />
Occasionally a trainee may be asked to carry out unsupervised a task on behalf of handcrafted in a strictly limited capacity (such as giving another trainee a lift to an agreed destination). On such occasions it is important that:<br />
<br />
* Direct authorisation is given to the trainee to do this by a Handcrafted member of staff<br />
* Any variation to the plan is communicated to that member of staff as soon as possible or preferably before it takes place<br />
* Both the helper trainee and the trainee being helped must be made aware of the limits of the arrangement<br />
* Trainees are not allowed to pass themselves off as Handcrafted staff or volunteers because of the risk of an abuse of trust. <br />
<br />
The only people who can be considered responsible for the safeguarding of trainees and the fulfilment of our duty of care towards vulnerable individuals as outlined in this policy are Handcrafted staff members, identified by their blue shirts bearing the Handcrafted logo.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 3: Transportation of vulnerable adults and children (giving lifts) ==<br />
Sometimes it is necessary for members of Handcrafted staff to give lifts to trainees, to help them access our services or attend appointments, etc. The safety of both the trainee and the staff is paramount.<br />
<br />
Before offering trainees a lift, staff should conduct a risk assessment to ascertain what risks each trainee faces and what risks they pose to others.<br />
<br />
If a trainee presents a higher risk, you should not give them a lift by yourself.<br />
<br />
Multiple trainees should be picked up/dropped off in such an order that means you will not end up with a higher-risk person travelling with you alone.<br />
<br />
You should use your judgment to determine if a particular combination of trainees being in the vehicle simultaneously will pose safeguarding risks to the trainees or yourself. If you are unsure, you should consult your line manager rather than making a snap decision.<br />
<br />
You should not visit a staff member's address while there are trainees in the vehicle with you.<br />
<br />
You should avoid taking a person in your vehicle who is not known to Handcrafted (i.e. if we have no risk assessment for them, either generated internally or from a referrer).<br />
<br />
== Appendix 4: Working with offenders ==<br />
When someone attending Handcrafted is known to have abused children the Safeguarding Officer will set appropriate boundaries for that person which they will be expected to keep. This will take place in consultation with a police officer from the Office for Public Protection.<br />
==== Public events ====<br />
At public events hosted by Handcrafted, we will ensure that those with offending histories in respect of children or vulnerable adults will not put themselves or others at risk or be in breach of the conditions of their licence.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 5: Collecting Personal Information ==<br />
For safeguarding purposes, basic personal information must wherever possible be collected from a new starter accessing our services for the first time within one hour of their arrival. We will collect:<br />
<br />
* Full name – for identification purposes<br />
* Date of birth – to ensure they are of an eligible age to use our services and to identify young people who may have distinct safeguarding needs<br />
* Contact details – enabling Handcrafted to follow up if there are any safeguarding concerns<br />
* Emergency contact – so that the nearest relative, a close friend or responsible adult can be contacted in an emergency<br />
* Medical conditions – including allergies and medications that may affect someone's ability to do activities safely<br />
<br />
All personal information that we collect will be stored in line with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 6: PREVENT Duty ==<br />
<br />
==== Prevent Duty ====<br />
There are now duties imposed on agencies under the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (The Prevent Duty), to have 'due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism.'<br />
<br />
Further advice in relation to this is within the statutory guidance – Revised Prevent Duty guidance: for England and Wales (2023)<br />
<br />
We have ensured that Prevent Duty training is part of the safeguarding training received by all Handcrafted staff. We will work with key partners to ensure that we are aware of any tensions within our local community so that we can create safe spaces for our trainees to discuss their experiences and concerns. Where we are concerned about a trainee, we will follow our safeguarding procedures. Serious concerns should be referred to the Police Prevent Team where there is a concern that a trainee is at immediate risk.<br />
<br />
In exercising our specific duty under Prevent we seek to protect children and adults at risk of harm from being drawn into, and against, the messages of all violent extremism. This includes and is not restricted to Daesh, Al Qaeda, Far Right, Neo-Nazi, White Supremacist ideology, Irish Nationalist and Loyalist paramilitary groups and extremist Animal Rights movements.<br />
<br />
Staff should be alert to changes in trainees' behaviour, which could indicate that they may be in need of help or protection.<br />
<br />
=== Recognising Extremism ===<br />
Early indicators of radicalisation or extremism may include:<br />
<br />
* Showing sympathy for external causes<br />
* Glorifying violence, especially to other faiths or cultures<br />
* Making remarks or comments about being at extremist events or rallies<br />
* Evidence of possessing illegal or extremist literature<br />
* Advocating messages similar to illegal organisations or other extremist groups<br />
* Out of character changes in dress, behaviour and peer relationships (but there are also very powerful narratives, programmes and networks that people can come across online so involvement with particular groups may not be apparent)<br />
* Secretive behaviour<br />
* Online searches or sharing extremist messages or social profiles<br />
* Intolerance of difference, including faith, culture, gender, race or sexuality<br />
* Graffiti, art work or writing that displays extremist themes<br />
* Attempts to impose extremist views or practices on others verbalizing anti-Western or anti-British views<br />
* Advocating violence towards others<br />
<br />
==== Partnerships ====<br />
We will work with local authorities in County Durham and Gateshead to collaborate in our approach to ensuring that our trainees are not drawn into terrorism.<br />
==== Definitions ====<br />
'''Extremism''' is the vocal or active opposition to our fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and the mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. This also includes calling for the death of members of the armed forces.<br />
<br />
'''Radicalisation''' refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorism''' is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes with or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 7: Spotting safeguarding concerns in adults ==<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Assault<br />
* Hitting<br />
* Slapping<br />
* Pushing<br />
* misuse of medication<br />
* Restraint<br />
* Inappropriate physical sanctions<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* A history of unexplained falls, fractures, bruises, burns, minor injuries<br />
* Signs of under or overuse of medication and/or medical problems unattended<br />
<br />
=== Domestic violence or abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Psychological<br />
* Physical<br />
* Sexual<br />
* Financial<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* so called 'honour' based violence<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Decreasing levels of independence i.e. not leaving the house without partner; difficulty in support workers arranging to visit the trainee on their own<br />
* See lists of signs of different types of abuse<br />
<br />
=== Sexual abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* Rape<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual harassment<br />
* inappropriate looking or touching<br />
* sexual teasing or innuendo<br />
* sexual photography<br />
* subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts<br />
* indecent exposure<br />
* sexual assault<br />
* sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Pregnancy in a woman who is unable to consent to sexual intercourse<br />
* Unexplained change in behaviour or sexually implicit/explicit behaviour<br />
* Torn, stained or bloody underwear and/or unusual difficulty in walking or sitting<br />
* Infections or sexually transmitted diseases<br />
* Full or partial disclosure or hints of sexual abuse<br />
* Self-harming<br />
<br />
=== Psychological or emotional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* emotional abuse<br />
* threats of harm or abandonment<br />
* deprivation of contact<br />
* humiliation<br />
* blaming<br />
* controlling<br />
* intimidation<br />
* coercion<br />
* harassment<br />
* verbal abuse<br />
* cyber bullying<br />
* isolation<br />
* unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Alteration in psychological state e.g. withdrawn, agitated, anxious, tearful<br />
* Intimidated or subdued in the presence of the carer<br />
* Fearful, flinching or frightened of making choices or expressing wishes<br />
* Unexplained paranoia<br />
<br />
=== Financial or material abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* theft<br />
* fraud<br />
* internet scamming<br />
* coercion in relation to an adult's financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions<br />
* the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* The disparity between assets and living conditions<br />
* Unexplained withdrawals from accounts or disappearance of financial documents<br />
* Sudden inability to pay bills<br />
* Carers or professionals fail to account for expenses incurred on a person's behalf<br />
* Recent changes of deeds or title to a property<br />
<br />
=== Modern slavery ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* slavery<br />
* human trafficking<br />
* forced labour and domestic servitude.<br />
* traffickers and slave masters using whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* They're rarely allowed to travel on their own<br />
* Appear to be under the control of others<br />
* Tend not to interact with other people<br />
* Seem unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work<br />
* Have relationships which don't seem right – for example, a young teenager appearing to be the boyfriend/ girlfriend of a much older adult.<br />
* restricted freedom of movement<br />
* They don't have documents that would allow them to travel – passports, ID, etc.<br />
* Limited opportunities to move freely<br />
* Few personal possessions<br />
* Wear the same clothes day-in-day-out.<br />
* reluctance to seek help<br />
* Avoiding eye contact<br />
* Appearing frightened, or hesitant to talk to strangers<br />
* Fear of law enforcers<br />
* Fear of deportation<br />
* Unsure who to trust or where to get help<br />
* Fear of violence to them or their family<br />
<br />
=== Discriminatory abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* harassment<br />
* slurs or similar treatment:<br />
** because of race<br />
** gender and gender identity<br />
** age<br />
** disability<br />
** sexual orientation<br />
** religion<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Inappropriate remarks, comments or lack of respect<br />
* Poor quality or avoidance of care<br />
<br />
=== Organisational or institutional abuse ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in one's own home. This may range from one-off incidents to ongoing ill-treatment. It can be through neglect or poor professional practice as a result of the structure, policies, processes and practices within an organisation.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Lack of flexibility or choice over meals, bedtimes, visitors, phone calls etc<br />
* Inadequate medical care and misuse of medication<br />
* Inappropriate use of restraint<br />
* Sensory deprivation e.g. denial of use of spectacles or hearing aids<br />
* Missing documents and/or absence of individual care plans<br />
* Public discussion of a private matter<br />
* Lack of opportunity for social, educational or recreational activity<br />
<br />
=== Neglect or acts of omission ===<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
* ignoring medical, emotional or physical care needs<br />
* failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services<br />
* the withholding of the necessities of life, such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
* Malnutrition, weight loss and /or persistent hunger<br />
* Poor physical condition, poor hygiene, varicose ulcers, pressure sores<br />
* Being left in wet clothing or bedding and/or clothing in a poor condition<br />
* Failure to access appropriate health, educational services or social care<br />
* No callers or visitors<br />
<br />
==== Self-neglect ====<br />
'''What this could include:'''<br />
<br />
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. It should be noted that self-neglect may not always prompt an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act. An assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. A decision on whether a response is required under safeguarding will depend on the adult's ability to protect themselves by controlling their own behaviour. There may come a point when they are no longer able to do this, without external support.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 8: Spotting safeguarding concerns in children ==<br />
<br />
==== Child neglect ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Neglect is not meeting a child's basic physical and psychological needs (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
It is a form of child abuse that can have serious and long-lasting impacts on a child's life - it can cause serious harm and even death.<br />
<br />
The four main types of neglect are:<br />
<br />
* physical neglect: not meeting a child's basic needs, such as food, clothing or shelter; not supervising a child adequately or providing for their safety<br />
* educational neglect: not making sure a child receives an education<br />
* emotional neglect: not meeting a child's needs for nurture and stimulation, for example by ignoring, humiliating, intimidating or isolating them<br />
* medical neglect: not providing appropriate health care (including dental care), refusing care or ignoring medical recommendations (Horwath, 2007).<br />
<br />
Neglect can happen at any age, sometimes even before a child is born. If a mother has mental health problems or misuses substances during pregnancy, for example, she may neglect her own health and this can damage a baby's development in the womb (Haynes et al, 2015).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are neglected may:<br />
* Live in an unsuitable home environment, for example in a house that isn't heated throughout winter<br />
* Be left alone for a long time<br />
* Be smelly or dirty<br />
* Wear clothing that hasn't been washed and/or is inadequate (for example, not having a winter coat)<br />
* Seem particularly hungry, seem not to have eaten breakfast or have no packed lunch/lunch money<br />
* Suffer from poor health, including:<br />
** Untreated injuries<br />
** Medical and dental issues<br />
** Repeated accidental injuries due to lack of supervision<br />
** Untreated and/or recurring illnesses or infections<br />
** Long term or recurring skin sores, rashes, flea bites, scabies or ringworm<br />
** Anaemia<br />
* Babies and young children may:<br />
** Have frequent and untreated nappy rash<br />
** Be failing to thrive (not reaching developmental milestones and/or not growing at an appropriate rate for their age)<br />
* Display unusual or changed behaviour, including:<br />
** Poor language, communication or social skills<br />
** Withdrawing suddenly or seeming depressed<br />
** Appearing anxious<br />
** Becoming clingy<br />
** Aggression<br />
** Obsessive behaviour<br />
** Signs of self-harm<br />
** Being particularly tired<br />
** Difficulty concentrating or participating in activities<br />
** Changes in eating habits<br />
** Missing school<br />
** Starting using drugs or alcohol<br />
** Not being brought to medical appointments such as vaccinations or check-ups<br />
<br />
=== Child sexual abuse (CSA) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is when a child is forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This may involve physical contact or non-contact activities and can happen online or offline (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health 2017; Scottish Government, 2021a; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). Children and young people may not always understand that they are being sexually abused. <br />
<br />
'''Contact abuse''' involves activities where an abuser makes physical contact with a child. It includes:<br />
<br />
* sexual touching of any part of the body, whether the child is wearing clothes or not<br />
* forcing or encouraging a child to take part in sexual activity<br />
* making a child take their clothes off or touch someone else's genitals <br />
* rape or penetration by putting an object or body part inside a child's mouth, vagina or anus.<br />
<br />
'''Non-contact abuse''' involves activities where there is no physical contact. It includes:<br />
<br />
* flashing at a child<br />
* encouraging or forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts<br />
* not taking proper measures to prevent a child being exposed to sexual activities by others<br />
* making a child masturbate while others watch<br />
* persuading a child to make, view or distribute child abuse images (such as performing sexual acts over the internet, sexting or showing pornography to a child)<br />
* making, viewing or distributing child abuse images <br />
* allowing someone else to make, view or distribute child abuse images<br />
* meeting a child following grooming with the intent of abusing them (even if abuse did not take place)<br />
* sexually exploiting a child for money, power or status (child sexual exploitation).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Physical indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Bruising<br />
* Bleeding<br />
* Discharge<br />
* Pain or soreness in the genital or anal area<br />
* Sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy at a young age<br />
<br />
'''Emotional and behavioural indicators include:'''<br />
<br />
* Being afraid of and/or avoiding a particular person (including a family member or friend)<br />
* Having nightmares or bed-wetting<br />
* Being withdrawn<br />
* Alluding to 'secrets'<br />
* Self-harming<br />
* Running away from home<br />
* Developing eating problems<br />
* Displaying sexualised behaviour or having sexual knowledge that's inappropriate for their stage of development<br />
* Misusing drugs or alcohol<br />
<br />
==== Child sexual exploitation ====<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a type of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (Department for Education, 2017; NIdirect, 2021; Scottish Government, 2018; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020a).<br />
<br />
Children and young people in sexually exploitative situations and relationships are persuaded or forced to perform sexual activities or have sexual activities performed on them in return for gifts, drugs, money or affection.<br />
<br />
CSE can take place in person, online, or using a combination of both.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators of CSE use a power imbalance to exploit children and young people. This may arise from a range of factors including:<br />
<br />
* Age<br />
* Gender<br />
* sexual identity<br />
* cognitive ability<br />
* physical strength<br />
* status<br />
* access to economic or other resources (Department of Education, 2017).<br />
<br />
Sexual exploitation is a hidden crime. Young people have often been groomed into trusting their abuser and may not understand that they're being abused. They may depend on their abuser and be too scared to tell anyone what's happening because they don't want to get them in trouble or risk losing them. They may be tricked into believing they're in a loving, consensual relationship.<br />
<br />
Some children and young people are trafficked into or within the UK for sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
===== Child sexual exploitation online =====<br />
When sexual exploitation happens online, young people may be persuaded or forced to:<br />
<br />
* have sexual conversations by text or online<br />
* send or post sexually explicit images of themselves<br />
* take part in sexual activities via a webcam or smartphone (Hamilton-Giachritsis et al, 2017).<br />
<br />
Abusers may threaten to send images, video or copies of conversations to the young person's friends and family unless they take part in further sexual activity. Images or videos may continue to be shared long after the sexual abuse has stopped.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural signs include:'''<br />
<br />
* Displaying inappropriate sexualised behaviour for their age<br />
* Being fearful of certain people and/or situations<br />
* Displaying significant changes in emotional wellbeing<br />
* Being isolated from peers/usual social networks<br />
* Being increasingly secretive<br />
* Having money or new things (such as clothes or a mobile phone) that they can't explain<br />
* Spending time with older individuals or groups<br />
* Being involved with gangs and/or gang fights<br />
* Calling an older person their 'boyfriend' or 'girlfriend'<br />
* Missing school and/or falling behind with schoolwork<br />
* Persistently returning home late<br />
* Returning home under the influence of drugs/alcohol<br />
* Going missing from home or care<br />
* Being involved in petty crime such as shoplifting<br />
* Spending a lot of time at hotels or places of concern, such as known brothels<br />
* Not knowing where they are, because they have been trafficked around the country<br />
'''Physical signs include:'''<br />
* Unexplained physical injuries and other signs of physical abuse<br />
* Changed physical appearance – for example, weight loss<br />
* Scars from self-harm<br />
* Repeat sexually transmitted infections<br />
* Pregnancy<br />
* Pregnancy terminations<br />
<br />
=== Harmful sexual behaviour ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is developmentally inappropriate sexual behaviour displayed by children and young people which is harmful or abusive.<br />
<br />
Peer-on-peer sexual abuse is a form of HSB where sexual abuse takes place between children of a similar age or stage of development. Child-on-child sexual abuse is a form of HSB that takes place between children of any age or stage of development.<br />
<br />
Problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) is developmentally inappropriate or socially unexpected sexualised behaviour which doesn't have an overt element of victimisation or abuse.<br />
<br />
=== Bullying ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Bullying is when individuals or groups seek to harm, intimidate or coerce someone who is perceived to be vulnerable (Oxford English Dictionary, 2021).<br />
<br />
It can involve people of any age, and can happen anywhere – at home, school or using online platforms and technologies (cyberbullying). This means it can happen at any time.<br />
<br />
Bullying encompasses a range of behaviours which may be combined and may include the behaviours and actions we have set out below.<br />
<br />
'''Verbal abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* name-calling<br />
* saying nasty things to or about a child or their family.<br />
<br />
'''Physical abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* hitting a child<br />
* pushing a child<br />
* physical assault.<br />
<br />
'''Emotional abuse:'''<br />
<br />
* making threats<br />
* undermining a child<br />
* excluding a child from a friendship group or activities.<br />
<br />
'''Cyberbullying/online bullying:''' <br />
<br />
* a child from online games, activities or friendship groups<br />
* sending threatening, upsetting or abusive messages<br />
* creating and sharing embarrassing or malicious images or videos<br />
* 'trolling' - sending menacing or upsetting messages on social networks, chat rooms or online games<br />
* voting for or against someone in an abusive poll<br />
* setting up hate sites or groups about a particular child<br />
* creating fake accounts, hijacking or stealing online identities to embarrass a young person or cause trouble using their name.<br />
<br />
Bullying can be a form of discrimination, particularly if it is based on a child's disability, race, religion or belief, gender identity or sexuality.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Indicators that a child could be experiencing bullying include:<br />
<br />
* Being reluctant to go to school<br />
* Being distressed or anxious<br />
* Losing confidence and becoming withdrawn<br />
* Having problems eating and/or sleeping<br />
* Having unexplained injuries<br />
* Changes in appearance<br />
* Changes in performance and/or behaviour at school<br />
* Not spending time with their usual group of friends<br />
* Becoming isolated<br />
* Change in other children's behaviour towards a child<br />
<br />
=== Online abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Online abuse is any type of abuse that happens on the internet, facilitated through technology like computers, tablets, mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Welsh Assembly Government, 2018).<br />
<br />
It can happen anywhere online that allows digital communication, such as:<br />
<br />
* social networks<br />
* text messages and messaging apps<br />
* email and private messaging<br />
* online chats<br />
* comments on live streaming sites<br />
* voice chat in games.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can be revictimised (experience further abuse) when abusive content is recorded, uploaded or shared by others online. This can happen if the original abuse happened online or offline.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may experience several types of abuse online:<br />
<br />
* bullying/cyberbullying <br />
* emotional abuse (this includes emotional blackmail, for example pressuring children and young people to comply with sexual requests via technology)<br />
* sexting (pressure or coercion to create sexual images) <br />
* sexual abuse <br />
* sexual exploitation.<br />
<br />
Children and young people can also be groomed online: perpetrators may use online platforms to build a trusting relationship with the child in order to abuse them. This abuse may happen online or the perpetrator may arrange to meet the child in person with the intention of abusing them.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child who is experiencing abuse online may:<br />
<br />
* Spend much more or much less time than usual online, texting, gaming or using social media<br />
* Be withdrawn, upset or outraged after using the internet or texting<br />
* Be secretive about who they're talking to and what they're doing online or on their mobile phone<br />
* Have lots of new phone numbers, texts or e-mail addresses on their mobile phone, laptop or tablet<br />
<br />
=== Physical abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Physical abuse is defined as deliberately hurting a child and causing physical harm (Department of Health, 2017; Department for Education, 2018; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020). It includes injuries such as:<br />
<br />
* Bruises<br />
* broken bones<br />
* burns<br />
* cuts.<br />
<br />
It may involve:<br />
<br />
* hitting<br />
* kicking<br />
* shaking<br />
* throwing<br />
* poisoning<br />
* burning<br />
* scalding<br />
* drowning<br />
* any other method of causing non-accidental harm to a child.<br />
<br />
Physical abuse may also happen when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child. This is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) (Department for Education, 2018; Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety, 2017; Scottish Government, 2021; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Breast ironing or breast flattening, a practice of using hard or heated objects to suppress or reverse the growth of breasts, is a recognised form of child abuse (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Bumps and bruises don't necessarily mean a child is being physically abused – all children have accidents, trips and falls. These injuries tend to affect bony areas of the body such as elbows, knees and shins and aren't usually a cause for concern. However, some injuries are more likely to indicate physical abuse.<br />
<br />
'''Signs and indicators'''<br />
<br />
'''Bruises:'''<br />
<br />
* commonly on the head but also on the ear, neck or soft areas (abdomen, back and buttocks).<br />
* defensive wounds commonly on the forearm, upper arm, back of the leg, hands or feet.<br />
* clusters of bruises on the upper arm, outside of the thigh or on the body.<br />
* bruises with dots of blood under the skin.<br />
* a bruised scalp and swollen eyes from hair being pulled violently.<br />
* bruises in the shape of a hand or object<br />
* bruises on non-mobile babies (babies who cannot crawl, cruise, bottom shuffle or roll over).<br />
<br />
'''Burns or scalds:'''<br />
<br />
* can be from hot liquids, hot objects, flames, chemicals or electricity.<br />
* these may be on the hands, back, shoulders or buttocks. Scalds in particular may be on lower limbs, both arms and/or both legs.<br />
* a clear edge to the burn or scald<br />
* sometimes in the shape of an implement – for example, a circular cigarette burn<br />
* multiple burns or scalds.<br />
<br />
'''Bite marks:'''<br />
<br />
* usually oval or circular in shape<br />
* visible wounds, indentations or bruising from individual teeth.<br />
<br />
'''Fractures or broken bones:'''<br />
<br />
* fractures to the ribs or the leg bones in babies<br />
* multiple fractures or breaks at different stages of healing.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of head injury in an infant:'''<br />
<br />
* visible signs such as swelling, bruising or fractures<br />
* unusual behaviour – being irritable, lethargic, unresponsive or not wanting to feed<br />
* seizures<br />
* vomiting<br />
* respiratory problems<br />
* being comatose.<br />
<br />
Not all head injuries are caused by abuse. There are also other medical reasons a baby may have these symptoms.<br />
<br />
'''Behavioural changes'''<br />
<br />
* fear of specific individuals<br />
* flinching when approached or touched<br />
* reluctance to get changed in front of others or wearing long sleeves or trousers in hot weather<br />
* depression or withdrawn behaviour. <br />
<br />
=== Female genital mutilation (FGM) ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.<br />
<br />
FGM is often performed by someone with no medical training who uses instruments such as a knife, scalpel, scissors, glass or razor blade. Children are rarely given anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment and are often forcibly restrained.<br />
<br />
The age at which FGM is carried out varies. It may take place:<br />
<br />
* when a female baby is newborn<br />
* during childhood or adolescence<br />
* just before marriage<br />
* during pregnancy.<br />
<br />
There are four main types of FGM:<br />
<br />
* Type 1 (clitoridectomy) – removing part or all of the clitoris.<br />
* Type 2 (excision) – removing part or all of the clitoris and cutting the inner and/or outer labia.<br />
* Type 3 (infibulation) – narrowing the vaginal opening.<br />
* Type 4 – other harmful procedures to the female genitals including pricking, piercing, cutting, scraping or burning (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
<br />
Labia elongation (also referred to as labia stretching or labia pulling) involves stretching the labia minora, sometimes using sticks, harnesses or weights (AFRUCA, 2016).<br />
<br />
FGM is child abuse and is illegal in the UK. It can be extremely dangerous and can cause:<br />
<br />
* severe pain<br />
* shock<br />
* bleeding<br />
* infection such as tetanus, HIV and hepatitis B and C<br />
* organ damage<br />
* blood loss and infections<br />
* death in some cases.<br />
<br />
Sometimes religious, social and cultural reasons are given to justify FGM, however it's a dangerous practice and can cause long-lasting health problems that continue throughout a child's life, including:<br />
<br />
* incontinence or difficulties urinating<br />
* frequent or chronic vaginal, pelvic or urinary infections<br />
* menstrual problems<br />
* kidney damage and possible kidney failure<br />
* cysts and abscesses<br />
* pain during sex<br />
* infertility<br />
* complications during pregnancy and childbirth<br />
* emotional and mental health problems (NHS Choices, 2021).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
A child at immediate risk of FGM may ask you directly for help. But even if they don't know what's going to happen, there may be other signs. You may become aware of:<br />
<br />
* A relative or 'cutter' visiting from abroad<br />
* A special occasion or ceremony to 'become a woman' or prepare for marriage<br />
* A female relative being cut – a sister, cousin, or an older female relative such as a mother or aunt<br />
* A family arranging a long holiday or visit to family overseas during the summer holidays<br />
* Unexpected, repeated or prolonged absence from school<br />
* A girl struggling to keep up in school and the quality of her academic work declining<br />
* A child running away from or planning to leave home.<br />
<br />
A child or woman who's had female genital mutilation (FGM) may:<br />
<br />
* Have difficulty walking, standing or sitting<br />
* Spend longer in the bathroom or toilet<br />
* Appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed<br />
* Display unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college<br />
* Be particularly reluctant to have routine medical examinations<br />
* Ask for help, but may not be explicit about the problem due to embarrassment or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Domestic abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse is any type of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between people who are, or who have been in a relationship, regardless of gender or sexuality. It can also happen between adults who are related to one another and can include physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or financial abuse.<br />
<br />
Each UK nation has its own definition of domestic abuse for professionals who are working to prevent domestic abuse and protect those who have experienced it (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2016; Home Office, 2013; Police Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, 2019; Welsh Government, 2019).<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can include:<br />
<br />
* sexual abuse and rape (including within a relationship)<br />
* punching, kicking, cutting, hitting with an object<br />
* withholding money or preventing someone from earning money<br />
* taking control over aspects of someone's everyday life, which can include where they go and what they wear<br />
* not letting someone leave the house<br />
* reading emails, text messages or letters<br />
* threatening to kill or harm them, a partner, another family member or pet.<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen to anyone at any time. However, certain events and times of year are associated with an increased risk of abuse. For example, data shows that reports of domestic abuse increase during major football tournaments (NSPCC, 2022; Ivandic, 2022; Kirby,2013; Brimicombe, 2012).<br />
<br />
'''Witnessing and experiencing domestic abuse'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse always has an impact on children. Being exposed to domestic abuse in childhood is child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children may experience domestic abuse directly, but they can also experience it indirectly by:<br />
<br />
* hearing the abuse from another room<br />
* seeing someone they care about being injured and/or distressed<br />
* finding damage to their home environment like broken furniture<br />
* being hurt from being caught up in or trying to stop the abuse<br />
* not getting the care and support they need from their parents or carers as a result of the abuse (Holt, Buckley and Whelan, 2008).<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Domestic abuse can happen in any relationship. It can continue even after the relationship has ended, for example during contact visits, over the phone or on social media.<br />
<br />
People of all genders can be abused or be abusers.<br />
<br />
Teenagers can also experience abuse in their own relationship (Barter et al, 2009).<br />
<br />
It can be difficult to tell if domestic abuse is happening, because perpetrators can act very differently when other people are around.<br />
<br />
You might notice changes in a child's patterns of behaviour, for example if they aren't doing as well in school as they used to. Or they might display behaviour that the adults around them perceive to be challenging.<br />
<br />
'''Signs of anxiety'''<br />
<br />
Children who experience domestic abuse might feel constantly stress or on alert. They might be afraid of what's happening at home. This might all feel 'normal' to them if they have lived with domestic abuse for a long time.<br />
<br />
You might notice children showing signs of anxiety or fear.<br />
<br />
=== Child trafficking and modern slavery ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is child abuse. It's defined as recruiting, moving, receiving and harbouring children for the purpose of exploitation (HM Department for Education (DfE) and Home Office, 2011; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and Police Service of Northern Ireland, 2011; Scottish Government, 2013; Wales Safeguarding Procedures Project Board, 2020).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking is a form of modern slavery (HM Government, 2014).<br />
<br />
Many children are trafficked into the UK from overseas, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.<br />
<br />
Children are trafficked for:<br />
<br />
* child sexual exploitation<br />
* criminal activity, including:<br />
** cannabis cultivation<br />
** street crime - such as pickpocketing, begging and bag theft<br />
** moving drugs<br />
** benefit fraud<br />
** immigration fraud<br />
** selling pirated goods, such as DVDs<br />
* forced marriage<br />
* domestic servitude, including:<br />
** cleaning<br />
** childcare <br />
** cooking<br />
* forced labour, including working in:<br />
** restaurants<br />
** nail bars<br />
** factories<br />
** agriculture<br />
* illegal adoption<br />
* unreported private fostering arrangements (for any exploitative purpose).<br />
<br />
This list is not exhaustive and children who are trafficked are often exploited in more than one way.<br />
<br />
'''How child trafficking happens'''<br />
<br />
Traffickers may use grooming techniques to gain the trust of a child, family or community. They may trick, force or persuade children to leave their homes.<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can involve a network of organised criminals who recruit, transport and exploit children and young people within or across borders. Some people in the network might not be directly involved in trafficking a child but play a part in other ways – such as falsifying documents, bribery, owning or renting premises, or money laundering (Europol, 2011).<br />
<br />
Child trafficking can also be organised by individuals and children's own families.<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who are trafficked are intentionally hidden and isolated from the services and communities who can identify and protect them. While identification may be difficult, there will be signs that you can watch for.<br />
<br />
'''Children who have been trafficked or are at risk of being trafficked''' may:<br />
<br />
* Have to do excessive housework chores<br />
* Rarely leave the house and have limited freedom of movement<br />
* Not have any documents (or have falsified documents)<br />
* Give a prepared story which is very similar to stories given by other children<br />
* Be unable or reluctant to give details of accommodation or personal details<br />
* Not be registered with a school or a GP practice<br />
* Have a history with missing links and unexplained moves<br />
* Be cared for by adults who are not their parents or carers<br />
* Not have a good quality relationship with their adult carers<br />
* Be one among a number of unrelated children found at one address<br />
* Receive unexplained or unidentified phone calls whilst in a care placement or temporary accommodation<br />
<br />
Signs an '''adult may be trafficking a child''' include:<br />
<br />
* Making multiple visa applications for different children<br />
* Acting as a guarantor for multiple visa applications for children<br />
* Having previously acted as the guarantor on visa applications for visitors who have not left the UK when the visa expired.<br />
<br />
=== County lines ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
County lines is a form of criminal exploitation where urban gangs persuade, coerce or force children and young people to store drugs and money and/or transport them to suburban areas, market towns and coastal towns (Home Office, 2018). It can happen in any part of the UK and is against the law and a form of child abuse.<br />
<br />
Children and young people may be criminally exploited in multiple ways. Other forms of criminal exploitation include child sexual exploitation, trafficking, gang and knife crime.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs are highly organised criminal networks that use sophisticated, frequently evolving techniques to groom young people and evade capture by the police.<br />
<br />
Perpetrators use children and young people to maximise profits and distance themselves from the criminal act of physically dealing drugs (National Crime agency, 2019). Young people do the majority of the work and take the most risk.<br />
<br />
Dedicated mobile phone lines or "deal lines" are used to help facilitate county lines drug deals. Phones are usually cheap, disposable and old fashioned, because they are changed frequently to avoid detection by the police.<br />
<br />
Gangs use the phones to receive orders and contact young people to instruct them where to deliver drugs. This may be to a local dealer or drug user, or a dealer or drug user in another county.<br />
<br />
Phrases that young people may use to refer to county lines include:<br />
<br />
* 'running a line',<br />
* 'going OT/out there'<br />
* 'going country'<br />
* 'going cunch'.<br />
<br />
These all refer to going out of town to deliver drugs or money (Thurrock Council, 2020).<br />
<br />
'''Grooming'''<br />
<br />
The grooming process involves the gang:<br />
<br />
* seeking out a child to exploit<br />
* observing the child for vulnerabilities<br />
* finding out what the child's needs and wants are<br />
* manipulating the child into believing that being in the gang can fulfil these needs.<br />
<br />
Once they have identified a child, the gang will make some form of contact and the grooming process will begin. This could be in person or via mobile phone. Social media profiles may also be used to glamourise gang life and entice young people.<br />
<br />
Some children are groomed through family members, for instance if they have a sibling or relative who is already involved with a county lines gang.<br />
<br />
County lines gangs offer money and status to attract young people. Children may also be attracted to joining a gang by the prospect of belonging to a 'family' that will protect them if their own family feels unstable or unsafe.<br />
<br />
The following have been identified as key places where county lines gangs target and approach vulnerable young people:<br />
<br />
* schools and further and higher educational institutions<br />
* special educational needs schools<br />
* places for alternative provision outside of mainstream education<br />
* foster homes<br />
* homeless shelters.<br />
<br />
Once a child is part of a county lines gang their loyalty and commitment will be tested. The gang will begin to trap the child by making them feel powerless to leave. This might include threats of violence if they leave, making the child feel like they are betraying their new 'family', or telling the child they will get in trouble if they seek help because they have committed a criminal offence (Children's Society, 2019).<br />
<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
The following signs may indicate that a child is being exploited by a county lines gang:<br />
<br />
* Frequently going missing from school, home or care<br />
* Travelling to locations, or being found in areas they have no obvious connections with, including seaside or market towns<br />
* Unwillingness to explain their whereabouts<br />
* Acquiring money, clothes, accessories or mobile phone which they seem unable to account for<br />
* Receiving excessive texts or phone calls at all hours of the day<br />
* Having multiple mobile phone handsets or sim cards<br />
* Withdrawing or having sudden changes in personality, behaviour or the language they use<br />
* Having relationships with controlling or older individuals or groups<br />
* Unexplained injuries<br />
* Carrying weapons<br />
* Significant decline in school results or performance<br />
* Being isolated from peers or social networks<br />
* Associating with or being interested in gang culture<br />
* Self-harming or having significant changes in mental health.<br />
'''Prevention and Protective Measures'''<br />
<br />
Handcrafted recognises that preventing county lines and wider criminal exploitation requires proactive, consistent and multi-agency safeguarding practice, and is committed to reducing risk, identifying concerns early, and strengthening protective factors for children and young people.<br />
<br />
* '''Regular, trusted conversations''': Staff hold frequent supportive conversations with young people to explore wellbeing, safety, and any emerging concerns.<br />
* '''Vigilance and early identification''': Staff remain alert to changes in behaviour, routines, relationships, or presentation that may indicate exploitation.<br />
* '''Staff training and professional curiosity''': Staff are trained to recognise exploitation and are expected to question and follow up anything that does not feel right.<br />
* '''Clear reporting and escalation pathways''': All concerns are recorded and shared promptly in line with safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Multi-agency working''': Handcrafted works with the child’s social worker, police, education providers, health services, youth offending services and exploitation teams to share information and reduce risk.<br />
* '''Support during missing episodes''': Staff respond to and follow up missing episodes in line with Handcrafted’s Missing Child Policy and local safeguarding procedures.<br />
* '''Building protective factors''': Support plans focus on strengthening resilience, stability, and positive relationships.<br />
* '''Safe accommodation management''': Accommodation is managed to limit unauthorised access and reduce opportunities for exploitation.<br />
* '''Listening to the child’s voice''': Young people are encouraged and supported to speak up about worries without fear of blame.<br />
<br />
=== Emotional abuse ===<br />
'''Definition:'''<br />
<br />
Emotional abuse is the ongoing emotional maltreatment of a child, which can have a sever and persistent negative effect on the child's emotional health and development. It's also known as psychological abuse.<br />
<br />
Exposing a child to aggression, cruelty or abuse between others is also a form of emotional abuse.<br />
<br />
Most forms of abuse include an emotional element, but emotional abuse can also happen on its own.<br />
<br />
Children can be emotionally abused by anyone:<br />
<br />
* Parents or carers<br />
* Family members<br />
* Other adults<br />
* Other children.<br />
<br />
There are several categories of emotional abuse. These include:<br />
<br />
'''Emotional neglect'''<br />
<br />
* ignoring the child<br />
* not showing affection<br />
* not responding to a child's emotional needs.<br />
<br />
'''Rejection'''<br />
<br />
* telling a child they aren't good enough<br />
* physical abandonment<br />
* excluding the child from activities<br />
* not listening to a child or letting them express their views<br />
* belittling a child<br />
* not communicating with the child.<br />
<br />
'''Isolating'''<br />
<br />
* putting unreasonable limitations on a child's freedom<br />
* restricting or preventing social interaction.<br />
<br />
'''Manipulation'''<br />
<br />
Coercing or persuading a child to take part in activities that:<br />
<br />
* they aren't comfortable with<br />
* aren't appropriate for their age or stage of development<br />
* are unsafe.<br />
<br />
Gaslighting is also a form of manipulation. This is where perpetrators make someone doubt their own perception, judgment and/or memory.<br />
<br />
'''Terrorising'''<br />
<br />
* threatening violence<br />
* deliberately frightening a child<br />
* deliberately putting a child in a dangerous situation.<br />
<br />
'''Bullying'''<br />
<br />
* verbal humiliation<br />
* name-calling<br />
* undermining or mocking a child.<br />
* Physical bullying can also have emotional effects.<br />
'''Signs to look out for:'''<br />
<br />
Children who have been emotionally abused may:<br />
<br />
* Lack confidence and have low self-esteem<br />
* Be withdrawn and very quiet<br />
* Experience mental health issues<br />
* Have a language delay<br />
* Struggle to focus and concentrate on tasks<br />
* Struggle to make or maintain relationships<br />
* Display behaviour perceived to be aggressive or hostile<br />
* Seem isolated from their parents, carers and peers<br />
* Lack social skills or have few, if any, friends.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 9: Low-level concerns ==<br />
All Handcrafted staff are subjected to thorough checks at their induction, and receive frequent training, including regular safeguarding training.<br />
<br />
However, there remains a very low likelihood that circumstances could arise where a member of Handcrafted staff poses a risk to the safety or wellbeing of a trainee, or where a safeguarding allegation could be made against a member of staff.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted is committed to creating an environment of honesty, trust and accountability. Trainees and staff should be made to feel comfortable in challenging inappropriate behaviour and identifying risks, including among other Handcrafted staff.<br />
<br />
=== Examples of low-level concerns ===<br />
Low-level concerns are actions by staff that are inconsistent with the staff handbook but do not meet the threshold for formal safeguarding referrals. Examples may include: being overly friendly with trainees, showing favoritism, engaging in one-on-one interactions in secluded areas, using inappropriate language, taking photos of children on personal devices, or failing to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. While these behaviors may not indicate immediate harm, they require prompt reporting and intervention to prevent escalation and maintain a safe environment for all.<br />
<br />
=== Reporting concerns and allegations ===<br />
* If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
* Otherwise:<br />
<br />
Concerns should in the first instance be reported in line with the standard procedure, to the HSO/HDSO. However, in some cases, this may not be possible, either if the HSO/HDSO are implicated in the case, or if the person reporting the concern does not feel comfortable reporting this internally to Handcrafted. In such a case, the person should report the concern using the standard multi-agency procedures of the Durham or Gateshead local authority.<br />
<br />
A concern reported to the HSO/HDSO will be marked as a '''low-level concern''' if it is decided that the member of staff acted in a way that was not consistent with the staff handbook, but it is not necessary to escalate the situation by reporting it externally. A note will be made of the concern and the member of staff who was implicated, and any action taken. This will be kept securely in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice.<br />
<br />
A concern will be marked as an '''allegation''' if it is deemed necessary to escalate the situation by reporting the concern externally, or if the concern was reported externally in the first instance. An allegation must be reported to the local authority safeguarding board. Handcrafted is committed to actively cooperating with any investigations that arise from such a report.<br />
<br />
If a staff member is found to have acted in a way that is inconsistent with the staff handbook, then disciplinary action will be taken against them as stipulated in their contract.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 10: Multi-agency partnerships ==<br />
Handcrafted is committed to working with other agencies who are seeking to safeguard vulnerable adults and children. Contact details for such agencies can be found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or in Appendices 12-13.<br />
<br />
Where a multi-agency approach is taken in a particular safeguarding case, Handcrafted is committed to cooperating with the other agencies which are involved. Handcrafted and other agencies will work together to ensure that all agencies can at all times adhere to their own policies and procedures while acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Handcrafted will not intentionally or knowingly impede the progress of any investigation into a safeguarding case that is deemed necessary by a statutory body.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 11: What to do if you have a safeguarding concern ==<br />
<br />
=== Reporting internally ===<br />
If you have a safeguarding concern about somebody, or they make a disclosure to you, you should:<br />
<br />
# Call 999 and ask for the police, if there is immediate danger of harm to the trainee.<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Make a written record of the concern straight away and keep it in a secure place.<br />
# Write a Contact Record on Airtable, giving an account of your contact with the trainee. You should tick the 'Safeguarding' box near the end of the form, and in the written section explain why there is a safeguarding concern and any decision/action you have taken.<br />
# The Contact Record will automatically be flagged for immediate review by the HSO/HDSO. It will appear in the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
# If the HSO/HDSO believes that further action should be taken to minimise the risk of harm to the trainee, they will contact you to discuss this. They will offer advice and guidance so that you can collaboratively determine the next steps and incorporate them into a support plan for the trainee.<br />
# Once the next steps have been determined, or if a further discussion was not necessary, the HSO/HDSO will fill in the 'Safeguarding Review' textbox for that Contact Record, which they have access to via the Safeguarding Database.<br />
<br />
=== Raising a concern externally ===<br />
<br />
If:<br />
<br />
* You have discussed a safeguarding concern with the HSO/HDSO, and you agreed that this should be reported externally to another agency; <br />
<br />
Or:<br />
<br />
* You decide independently, with good reason, that a safeguarding concern should be reported externally to another agency;<br />
<br />
You should:<br />
<br />
# Support the trainee as far as you are able to within the bounds of Handcrafted's services and your job description. Your support should be person-centred, holistic and empowering, as far as possible.<br />
# Contact the relevant agency or authority, using the contacts found in the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy, 3.7, or Appendices 12-13.<br />
# Maintain the confidentiality of all trainees involved in the incident and, as much as is reasonably possible, anybody else who has requested to remain anonymous, in accordance with the Handcrafted Data Privacy Notice and Handcrafted Confidentiality Policy and Guidance<br />
# Cooperate with other agencies who are involved in the case. You should set clear expectations with them about what level of support Handcrafted can and cannot offer to trainees involved in the incident. You should take on board the advice of representatives of other agencies and discuss this with the HSO if you have queries about it.<br />
<br />
=== LADO reporting procedures ===<br />
The HSO/HDSO, safeguarding deputy or senior manager should review all concerns and determine whether they meet the harm or risk of harm threshold, constituting an allegation. If the threshold is met, a referral to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) must be made within one working day. Where uncertainty exists about whether the threshold is met, advice should be sought from the LADO. In urgent cases involving immediate risk to a child, Police (999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies) and/or the Emergency Duty Team should be contacted first, with the LADO informed as soon as possible thereafter.<br />
<br />
=== Ofsted reporting for registered supported accommodation ===<br />
When an allegation, safeguarding concern, or serious incident involves a resident under the age of 18 living in Ofsted-registered supported accommodation, Handcrafted recognises its statutory duty to notify Ofsted in line with the Supported Accommodation (England) Regulations 2023.<br />
<br />
The Registered Young People’s Manager holds responsibility for determining whether an incident meets the threshold for regulatory notification. Some incidents may not meet the criteria for a LADO referral but may still be considered serious in the context of supported accommodation and therefore require notification to Ofsted. This regulatory reporting requirement runs alongside, and does not replace, Handcrafted’s internal safeguarding procedures, including referrals to the local authority, police, or LADO where appropriate.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Regulation 27, Handcrafted will notify Ofsted '''without delay''' where serious events occur, including (but not limited to):<br />
<br />
* The death of a child accommodated within the service;<br />
* Allegations of abuse or serious misconduct relating to the service or a person working for Handcrafted;<br />
* Serious safeguarding incidents involving exploitation, criminal activity, or significant harm or risk of harm to a child;<br />
* Police involvement in incidents that Handcrafted considers serious;<br />
* The initiation or conclusion of child protection enquiries relating to a resident;<br />
* Any other incident that the Registered Young People’s Manager judges to be serious and requiring regulatory oversight.<br />
<br />
Handcrafted will ensure that notifications are made promptly, confirmed in writing where required, and include clear information about the nature of the incident, actions taken, and any agencies already involved. Where required, notifications will also be shared with relevant external bodies, including the accommodating authority and safeguarding partners.<br />
<br />
All regulatory notifications are recorded internally and reviewed to support learning, accountability, and continuous improvement in safeguarding practice. This process supports Handcrafted’s commitment to transparency, effective safeguarding, and the ongoing safety and welfare of children living in supported accommodation.<br />
<br />
=== Record-keeping ===<br />
Handcrafted keeps an online record for every trainee, which includes some basic personal information, referral reasons and a regularly updated risk assessment. Handcrafted also keeps a Contact Record of each engagement that a trainee makes with its services. Records of safeguarding concerns are made within the Contact Record online form. They are stored on the Airtable online system, in that trainee's Contact Records, and a shortcut is linked to the Safeguarding Database on Airtable.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 12: External contacts for support and advice ==<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== NSPCC ====<br />
<nowiki>https://nspcc.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Thirtyone:eight ====<br />
Safeguarding helpline: 0303 003 1111<br />
<br />
Website: thirtyoneeight.org<br />
<br />
==== Children's Commissioner ====<br />
email: help.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk.<br />
<br />
You can also call free on 0800 528 0731. If you cannot get through, please call switchboard on 020 7783 8330 and ask to be put through to Help at Hand. <br />
<br />
==== Ofsted ====<br />
Website: https://contact.ofsted.gov.uk/contact-us<br />
<br />
=== External contacts for reporting incidents ===<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Adults Board ====<br />
Adult Social Care Direct: 0191 433 7033<br />
<br />
Website: gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk<br />
<br />
==== Gateshead Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
Gateshead Council's Children's Services:<br />
<br />
* 0191 433 2653 (Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm)<br />
* 0191 477 0844 (out of hours, at night, at weekends, bank holidays)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://gatesheadsafeguarding.org.uk/article/9175/Gateshead-Safeguarding-Children-Partnership</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Adults Partnership ====<br />
Social Care Direct: 03000 26 79 79<br />
<br />
Website: safeguardingdurhamadults.info<br />
<br />
==== Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership ====<br />
First Contact:<br />
<br />
* 03000 267 979 (Mon-Thu, 8.30am-5pm; Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm; available out of hours in emergencies)<br />
<br />
Website: <nowiki>https://durham-scp.org.uk</nowiki><br />
<br />
==== Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership (SSCP) ====<br />
<br />
;* Telephone: 0191 561 7007 (Children’s Safeguarding)<br />
;* Out of hours / Emergency Duty Team: 0191 520 5560<br />
;* [https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership]<br />
<br />
==== Police ====<br />
Emergency: 999<br />
<br />
Non-emergency: 101<br />
<br />
If somebody is in immediate danger, you should always call 999 straight away and ask for the police.<br />
<br />
==== Mental Health Services ====<br />
Tees Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 0516 171<br />
<br />
Newcastle and Gateshead Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team: 0800 652 2863 / 0191 814 8899, or by text 07919 228 548 for people who are Deaf and/or have communication difficulties.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 13: Practice Guidelines ==<br />
As an organisation working with vulnerable adults and children, we wish to operate and promote good working practices. This will enable us to support trainees and residents, develop good relationships and minimise the risk of false accusations. Practice guidelines and related policies are available to all workers in the Policies and Guidelines folder on the shared drive. These include:<br />
<br />
* Record Keeping Guidelines - How to make sure that your written records are accurate and relevant<br />
* Lone Working Policy - How to protect yourself and others from risk of harm or false allegations in the context of lone working<br />
* Confidentiality Guidance - How to handle confidentiality issues and what to do in cases where a trainee or resident discloses something that you will need to act upon.<br />
<br />
== Appendix 14: Relevant Legislation ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Section<br />
! Details<br />
|-<br />
| Our Governing Documents<br />
| Handcrafted is a Registered Charity No. 1146188 and a Registered Company No. 07884740. <br />
This policy upholds the [[Handcrafted's Charitable Objects|charitable objects and articles]] of incorporation of Handcrafted.<br />
|-<br />
| Current Legislation Relevant to This Policy<br />
|<br />
* '''Safeguarding Children''' <br />
** Children Acts (1989 & 2004)<br />
** Children and Families Act 2014<br />
** Children and Social Work Act 2017<br />
** Working together to safeguard children (2018)<br />
** What to do if you are worried a child is being abused: advice for practitioners (Department for Education, 2015)<br />
** Protection of Children Act 1999<br />
** Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006<br />
** Protection of Freedoms Act 2012<br />
** Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 (2018 amended)<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** The Safe Network Standards (NSPCC website)<br />
** Keeping children safe during community activities, after-school clubs and tuition (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/keeping-children-safe-in-out-of-school-settings-code-of-practice)<br />
** Keeping children safe in education 2021<br />
** FGM duty guidance<br />
** Domestic Abuse Act 2021<br />
<br />
* '''Safeguarding Adults''' <br />
** The Care Act 2014<br />
** Human Rights Act 1998<br />
** Care Standards Act 2000<br />
** Mental Capacity Act 2005<br />
** Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007<br />
** Sexual Offences Act 2003<br />
** Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984<br />
** Fraud Act 2006<br />
** Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998<br />
** Health and Social Care Act 2008<br />
** Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)<br />
** Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)<br />
** Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC)<br />
<br />
* '''Local Authority Guidance and Procedures''' <br />
** Durham Safeguarding Children Partnership (DSCP): https://durham-scp.org.uk/ <br />
** Durham County Council: https://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2361/Keeping-children-safe <br />
** Durham County Council Procedures, Practice Guidance and Tools for Adult Social Care: https://durhamadults.trixonline.co.uk/chapter/safeguarding-adults <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Adults Board: https://www.sunderlandsab.org.uk/ <br />
** Sunderland Safeguarding Children Partnership: https://www.safeguardingchildrensunderland.com/ <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=677Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-07-07T10:26:18Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite v3.jpg|center|1786x1786px|Org Chart June 2026]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
=== CEO ===<br />
The CEO leads Handcrafted's mission to connect with people who have been excluded from society, and offer support, housing, opportunities and training that empowers them to turn their own lives around. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and ensuring everything Handcrafted does stays rooted in our values of Creativity, Empathy, Empowerment and Community.<br />
<br />
=== Operations Director ===<br />
The Operations Director oversees the operations of Handcrafted's Community Hubs in Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland and Darlington, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programmes across each hub. This role involves strategic management and coordination of hub teams and services, working alongside the Director for Young People and Training Manager to ensure a joined-up approach across the organisation.<br />
<br />
=== Director for Young People ===<br />
The Director for Young People oversees Handcrafted's services supporting young people, including our Engage programme for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young care leavers, and our Hummingbird Homes, which offer young people leaving care a gentler, more gradual transition into independent living within a family-like, community setting. This role involves strategic management of these teams, ensuring support is tailored to the specific needs of young people and aligned with Handcrafted's wider mission.<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Finance Deputy Director ===<br />
The Strategic Finance Deputy Director oversees Handcrafted's finance, strategy and business development functions. This role involves strategic financial planning, identifying opportunities for sustainable growth — including our social enterprises such as The Shakey café and our Chester-le-Street screen-printing project — and leading the Business Development team.<br />
<br />
=== Project Development Manager ===<br />
The Project Development Manager leads on developing new pilot projects and initiatives for Handcrafted, and oversees HR and Health & Safety functions across the organisation. This role involves identifying opportunities for innovation — such as new hubs, services or housing models — ensuring new projects are set up for success, and making sure our people and premises practices are safe, fair and effective.<br />
<br />
=== Training Manager ===<br />
The Training Manager is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation and growth of Handcrafted's training programmes. This role involves overseeing training across the hubs, where activities include carpentry, cookery, creative crafts, and barista and customer service skills, delivered through our NOCN-accredited and non-accredited courses. The Training Manager aligns training programmes with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for programme expansion, partnerships, training capacity, and our Matrix-accredited information, advice and guidance offer.<br />
<br />
=== Deputy Director of Operations ===<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub or service, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers within our Engage programme. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly, working closely with the relevant Director.<br />
<br />
=== Women’s Work Coordinator ===<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops Handcrafted's women's groups, which run across our hubs — including in Gilesgate, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and Darlington. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
=== Support Quality Manager ===<br />
The Support Quality Manager oversees staff training, staff wellbeing, and the quality and safeguarding of the support Handcrafted provides. This role involves monitoring and improving the quality of care across the organisation, embedding our trauma-informed, person-centred approach into day-to-day practice, and providing wellbeing support and supervision to frontline staff.<br />
<br />
=== Hub Managers ===<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub — Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland or Darlington — including the management of housing support and training programmes. They ensure that the hub's activities align with Handcrafted's mission, providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities, from training sessions to community meals.<br />
<br />
=== Assistant Manager ===<br />
Assistant Managers support the Hub Manager in overseeing the day-to-day running of a hub, including housing support and training activities. They help coordinate staff, deputise for the Hub Manager when needed, and ensure the smooth, consistent delivery of services to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Housing Support Officer ===<br />
Housing Support Officers provide direct, person-centred support to residents, helping them with housing, mental health and other personal challenges through regular (at least weekly) contact, home visits, and practical help such as paperwork or accessing services. In addition, some Housing Support Officers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering). Engage Housing Support Officers focus on providing this support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers, helping them with their personal challenges and, in some cases, delivering specialised training.<br />
<br />
=== Administrator ===<br />
Administrators provide essential administrative support to a hub or team, helping to keep records, systems, and day-to-day office functions running smoothly. This role is key to ensuring Handcrafted's teams can focus on delivering support and training to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Trainer ===<br />
Trainers run training sessions in specific skill areas — such as carpentry, cookery, or creative crafts — oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver Handcrafted's NOCN-accredited and non-accredited training courses. This covers roles also known as Workshop Supervisor or Kitchen Supervisor in some hubs. In some cases, a Trainer may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
=== Independent Verifier ===<br />
The Independent Verifier checks and confirms the quality and consistency of Handcrafted's training assessments, ensuring they meet the required standards of NOCN and our other awarding bodies. This role involves reviewing assessment evidence and providing feedback to Trainers to maintain the integrity of our qualifications.<br />
<br />
=== Training Assistant ===<br />
Training Assistants support Trainers and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses, across both our general Training Team and specialist programmes such as Women's Work. This role involves assisting with the development of training programmes and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
=== Maintenance ===<br />
Maintenance staff keep Handcrafted's hubs and supported housing safe, functional, and well-presented, carrying out repairs and routine upkeep. In some cases, this role is combined with an Enterprise focus, contributing to income-generating activities — such as our carpentry commissions or screen-printing project — alongside maintenance duties.<br />
<br />
=== Key Worker ===<br />
Key Workers provide consistent, dedicated one-to-one support to a small caseload of residents, particularly within services such as Hummingbird Homes. They build trusted relationships with residents, coordinate their individual support plans, and act as the main point of contact for their wellbeing and progress, helping foster the family-like sense of belonging at the heart of these services.<br />
<br />
=== Business Development Officer ===<br />
Business Development Officers contribute to Handcrafted's strategic growth and sustainability, with individuals specialising in areas such as systems and impact, finance and admin, strategic partnerships, or enterprise — including ventures like The Shakey café and our screen-printing project. Depending on their specialism, this may involve running training sessions or group activities, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
=== Support Systems Officer ===<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work, and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=File:Org_chart_composite_v3.jpg&diff=673File:Org chart composite v3.jpg2026-06-30T15:19:58Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Seymour Jacklin uploaded a new version of File:Org chart composite v3.jpg</p>
<hr />
<div>Handcrafted Org Chart</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=672Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-30T15:18:28Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Organisational Chart */ updated Org Chart</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite v3.jpg|center|1786x1786px|Org Chart June 2026]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
=== CEO ===<br />
The CEO leads Handcrafted's mission to connect with people who have been excluded from society, and offer support, housing, opportunities and training that empowers them to turn their own lives around. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and ensuring everything Handcrafted does stays rooted in our values of Creativity, Empathy, Empowerment and Community.<br />
<br />
=== Operations Director ===<br />
The Operations Director oversees the operations of Handcrafted's Community Hubs in Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland and Darlington, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programmes across each hub. This role involves strategic management and coordination of hub teams and services, working alongside the Director for Young People and Training Manager to ensure a joined-up approach across the organisation.<br />
<br />
=== Director for Young People ===<br />
The Director for Young People oversees Handcrafted's services supporting young people, including our Engage programme for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young care leavers, and our Hummingbird Homes, which offer young people leaving care a gentler, more gradual transition into independent living within a family-like, community setting. This role involves strategic management of these teams, ensuring support is tailored to the specific needs of young people and aligned with Handcrafted's wider mission.<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Finance Deputy Director ===<br />
The Strategic Finance Deputy Director oversees Handcrafted's finance, strategy and business development functions. This role involves strategic financial planning, identifying opportunities for sustainable growth — including our social enterprises such as The Shakey café and our Chester-le-Street screen-printing project — and leading the Business Development team.<br />
<br />
=== Project Development Manager ===<br />
The Project Development Manager leads on developing new pilot projects and initiatives for Handcrafted, and oversees HR and Health & Safety functions across the organisation. This role involves identifying opportunities for innovation — such as new hubs, services or housing models — ensuring new projects are set up for success, and making sure our people and premises practices are safe, fair and effective.<br />
<br />
=== Training Manager ===<br />
The Training Manager is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation and growth of Handcrafted's training programmes. This role involves overseeing training across the hubs, where activities include carpentry, cookery, creative crafts, and barista and customer service skills, delivered through our NOCN-accredited and non-accredited courses. The Training Manager aligns training programmes with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for programme expansion, partnerships, training capacity, and our Matrix-accredited information, advice and guidance offer.<br />
<br />
=== Deputy Director of Operations ===<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub or service, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers within our Engage programme. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly, working closely with the relevant Director.<br />
<br />
=== Women’s Work Coordinator ===<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops Handcrafted's women's groups, which run across our hubs — including in Gilesgate, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and Darlington. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
=== Support Quality Manager ===<br />
The Support Quality Manager oversees staff training, staff wellbeing, and the quality and safeguarding of the support Handcrafted provides. This role involves monitoring and improving the quality of care across the organisation, embedding our trauma-informed, person-centred approach into day-to-day practice, and providing wellbeing support and supervision to frontline staff.<br />
<br />
=== Hub Managers ===<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub — Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland or Darlington — including the management of housing support and training programmes. They ensure that the hub's activities align with Handcrafted's mission, providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities, from training sessions to community meals.<br />
<br />
=== Assistant Manager ===<br />
Assistant Managers support the Hub Manager in overseeing the day-to-day running of a hub, including housing support and training activities. They help coordinate staff, deputise for the Hub Manager when needed, and ensure the smooth, consistent delivery of services to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Housing Support Officer ===<br />
Housing Support Officers provide direct, person-centred support to residents, helping them with housing, mental health and other personal challenges through regular (at least weekly) contact, home visits, and practical help such as paperwork or accessing services. In addition, some Housing Support Officers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering). Engage Housing Support Officers focus on providing this support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers, helping them with their personal challenges and, in some cases, delivering specialised training.<br />
<br />
=== Administrator ===<br />
Administrators provide essential administrative support to a hub or team, helping to keep records, systems, and day-to-day office functions running smoothly. This role is key to ensuring Handcrafted's teams can focus on delivering support and training to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Trainer ===<br />
Trainers run training sessions in specific skill areas — such as carpentry, cookery, or creative crafts — oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver Handcrafted's NOCN-accredited and non-accredited training courses. This covers roles also known as Workshop Supervisor or Kitchen Supervisor in some hubs. In some cases, a Trainer may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
=== Independent Verifier ===<br />
The Independent Verifier checks and confirms the quality and consistency of Handcrafted's training assessments, ensuring they meet the required standards of NOCN and our other awarding bodies. This role involves reviewing assessment evidence and providing feedback to Trainers to maintain the integrity of our qualifications.<br />
<br />
=== Training Assistant ===<br />
Training Assistants support Trainers and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses, across both our general Training Team and specialist programmes such as Women's Work. This role involves assisting with the development of training programmes and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
=== Maintenance ===<br />
Maintenance staff keep Handcrafted's hubs and supported housing safe, functional, and well-presented, carrying out repairs and routine upkeep. In some cases, this role is combined with an Enterprise focus, contributing to income-generating activities — such as our carpentry commissions or screen-printing project — alongside maintenance duties.<br />
<br />
=== Key Worker ===<br />
Key Workers provide consistent, dedicated one-to-one support to a small caseload of residents, particularly within services such as Hummingbird Homes. They build trusted relationships with residents, coordinate their individual support plans, and act as the main point of contact for their wellbeing and progress, helping foster the family-like sense of belonging at the heart of these services.<br />
<br />
=== Business Development Officer ===<br />
Business Development Officers contribute to Handcrafted's strategic growth and sustainability, with individuals specialising in areas such as systems and impact, finance and admin, strategic partnerships, or enterprise — including ventures like The Shakey café and our screen-printing project. Depending on their specialism, this may involve running training sessions or group activities, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
=== Support Systems Officer ===<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work, and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=File:Org_chart_composite_v3.jpg&diff=671File:Org chart composite v3.jpg2026-06-30T15:17:17Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Handcrafted Org Chart</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Staff_Wellbeing_Policy&diff=667Staff Wellbeing Policy2026-06-29T16:09:18Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are dedicated to supporting our staff and trainees in line with our Christian ethos and values. We recognise that your mental well-being is especially important given the emotionally demanding and sometimes chaotic nature of our work. <br />
<br />
This policy sets out the resources, practices, and support systems in place to help you take care of yourself while continuing to make a difference in the lives of others.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Group or individual responsible for review'''<br />
|'''[[The Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|24/3/26<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
<br />
== 1. Purpose ==<br />
This policy is intended to support the mental health and wellbeing of all paid workers and volunteers at Handcrafted Projects. It sets out the support available, the responsibilities of managers and staff, and the practices we encourage to protect mental health and prevent burnout.<br />
<br />
== 2. Scope ==<br />
This policy applies to:<br />
<br />
* All paid workers, volunteers, and trustees.<br />
* All areas of Handcrafted's work, including front-line support roles, administrative roles, and leadership.<br />
<br />
== 3. Roles and Responsibilities ==<br />
'''3.1 Trustees and Senior Management'''<br />
<br />
* Ensure appropriate measures, resources, and support systems are in place to support staff wellbeing.<br />
* Model healthy work-life balance, including the use of annual leave.<br />
<br />
'''3.2 Managers'''<br />
<br />
* Managers are trained to listen, be accessible, and spot signs of mental health issues in their teams.<br />
* We expect managers to proactively support the well-being of their staff and respond to any concerns that arise.<br />
* Managers are responsible for arranging one or more debriefing meetings after a distressing incident involving members of their team.<br />
<br />
'''3.3 All Paid Workers and Volunteers'''<br />
<br />
* Take responsibility for their own wellbeing and make use of the support available.<br />
* Support colleagues by maintaining open communication and a culture of trust within teams.<br />
* Report concerns about their own or a colleague's wellbeing to their line manager or a member of the Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group.<br />
<br />
'''3.4 The Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group'''<br />
<br />
* Monitor staff welfare continuously.<br />
* Identify areas causing stress and collaborate to resolve issues that arise.<br />
* Review the results of the annual staff survey and make adjustments to support systems as needed.<br />
* Act as a point of contact for staff with concerns about their own or a colleague's wellbeing.<br />
<br />
== 4. Mental Health Resources ==<br />
<br />
=== 4.1 Peer Support Groups ===<br />
* Peer support is one of our main strengths when it comes mental health resources. You will be part of a group specific to your role that meets regularly so that you can share the challenges you are facing. For example, support workers meet monthly to share experiences, discuss challenges, and offer each other advice.<br />
* Open communication and trust within teams are emphasised. We encourage you to lean on one another for support.<br />
<br />
=== 4.2 Staff Training ===<br />
* You will be invited to participate in training sessions held throughout the year covering topics such as stress management, time management, and burnout awareness. These sessions aim to equip you with the tools to manage stress proactively and recognise early signs of burnout. Recorded versions are also made available online if you need a refresher.<br />
* De-escalation and aggression management training are also part of regular training at Handcrafted. They are designed to help you handle potentially threatening situations with confidence and reduce the emotional toll they cause.<br />
<br />
=== 4.3 Counselling and Debriefing ===<br />
* If you experience a traumatic event at work, you can request a referral for counselling through our operational director, John Hinton. We partner with organisations like Red Kite to provide professional mental health support.<br />
* We also conduct debriefs following particularly challenging incidents to ensure everyone involved receives the support they need. This is the responsibility of area managers: to arrange one or more debriefing meetings after a distressing incident.<br />
<br />
=== 4.4 Workplace Health Plans ===<br />
* Every employee has the option to create a personalised Workplace Health Plan. This plan can address ongoing issues, such as mental health diagnoses or specific work preferences, and can include adjustments to work schedules or conditions to better support your well-being. Just ask your line manager if you would like to find out more.<br />
<br />
=== 4.5 The Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group ===<br />
* Our [[Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group]] monitors staff welfare continuously. They work to identify areas causing stress and collaborate to resolve any issues that arise.<br />
* You can reach out to any member of this group if you have a concern about your own or a colleague's wellbeing at work and they will be able to suggest options or take any concerns forward if it would be helpful to do so.<br />
<br />
== 5. Seeking Help When Overwhelmed ==<br />
<br />
'''5.1 Contacting Your Line Manager'''<br />
<br />
* If you feel overwhelmed or stressed, your first point of contact should be your line manager. We strive to ensure that all managers are approachable and that any conversations regarding mental health are treated with complete confidentiality.<br />
* If the issue involves your line manager, you can escalate your concerns to their supervisor or reach out to higher levels of management for support. <br />
<br />
'''5.2 Sickness and Leave'''<br />
<br />
* If stress or burnout becomes unmanageable, we encourage you to see your GP and follow our normal sickness procedure.<br />
<br />
== 6. Preventative Measures and Daily Practices ==<br />
<br />
'''6.1 Downtime and Team Time'''<br />
<br />
* We recognise the importance of downtime. Every Wednesday morning is designated as a time for team bonding, catch-up, and training. This break in the workweek acts as a "pressure valve" where you can grow connections with colleagues and recharge.<br />
<br />
'''6.2 Work-Life Balance and Boundary Setting'''<br />
<br />
* Maintaining boundaries between work and personal life is essential, especially in emotionally demanding roles. As part of your induction, you will receive guidance on setting boundaries with clients and managing your workload.<br />
* We give you the option of having a separate work phone to ensure you can disconnect from work during off-hours. Additionally, we have an on-call system to manage crises, so you shouldn't be disturbed outside of your designated hours.<br />
<br />
'''6.3 Using Annual Leave'''<br />
<br />
* We strongly encourage you to use your annual leave and completely disconnect from work during that time. This practice is modelled by our leadership team and is essential for your mental health and effectiveness at work.<br />
<br />
== 7. Continuous Improvement and Feedback ==<br />
<br />
'''7.1 Annual Staff Survey'''<br />
<br />
* We take your feedback seriously. Our annual staff survey, which includes a burnout questionnaire, helps us assess the overall well-being of our team. The results are reviewed by the Human Resources and Welfare Steering Group, and we make adjustments as needed to improve our support systems.<br />
<br />
----</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=666Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-29T16:05:42Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Organisational Chart */</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026 800px.jpg|center|Org Chart June 2026]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
=== CEO ===<br />
The CEO leads Handcrafted's mission to connect with people who have been excluded from society, and offer support, housing, opportunities and training that empowers them to turn their own lives around. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and ensuring everything Handcrafted does stays rooted in our values of Creativity, Empathy, Empowerment and Community.<br />
<br />
=== Operations Director ===<br />
The Operations Director oversees the operations of Handcrafted's Community Hubs in Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland and Darlington, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programmes across each hub. This role involves strategic management and coordination of hub teams and services, working alongside the Director for Young People and Training Manager to ensure a joined-up approach across the organisation.<br />
<br />
=== Director for Young People ===<br />
The Director for Young People oversees Handcrafted's services supporting young people, including our Engage programme for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young care leavers, and our Hummingbird Homes, which offer young people leaving care a gentler, more gradual transition into independent living within a family-like, community setting. This role involves strategic management of these teams, ensuring support is tailored to the specific needs of young people and aligned with Handcrafted's wider mission.<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Finance Deputy Director ===<br />
The Strategic Finance Deputy Director oversees Handcrafted's finance, strategy and business development functions. This role involves strategic financial planning, identifying opportunities for sustainable growth — including our social enterprises such as The Shakey café and our Chester-le-Street screen-printing project — and leading the Business Development team.<br />
<br />
=== Project Development Manager ===<br />
The Project Development Manager leads on developing new pilot projects and initiatives for Handcrafted, and oversees HR and Health & Safety functions across the organisation. This role involves identifying opportunities for innovation — such as new hubs, services or housing models — ensuring new projects are set up for success, and making sure our people and premises practices are safe, fair and effective.<br />
<br />
=== Training Manager ===<br />
The Training Manager is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation and growth of Handcrafted's training programmes. This role involves overseeing training across the hubs, where activities include carpentry, cookery, creative crafts, and barista and customer service skills, delivered through our NOCN-accredited and non-accredited courses. The Training Manager aligns training programmes with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for programme expansion, partnerships, training capacity, and our Matrix-accredited information, advice and guidance offer.<br />
<br />
=== Deputy Director of Operations ===<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub or service, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers within our Engage programme. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly, working closely with the relevant Director.<br />
<br />
=== Women’s Work Coordinator ===<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops Handcrafted's women's groups, which run across our hubs — including in Gilesgate, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and Darlington. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
=== Support Quality Manager ===<br />
The Support Quality Manager oversees staff training, staff wellbeing, and the quality and safeguarding of the support Handcrafted provides. This role involves monitoring and improving the quality of care across the organisation, embedding our trauma-informed, person-centred approach into day-to-day practice, and providing wellbeing support and supervision to frontline staff.<br />
<br />
=== Hub Managers ===<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub — Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland or Darlington — including the management of housing support and training programmes. They ensure that the hub's activities align with Handcrafted's mission, providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities, from training sessions to community meals.<br />
<br />
=== Assistant Manager ===<br />
Assistant Managers support the Hub Manager in overseeing the day-to-day running of a hub, including housing support and training activities. They help coordinate staff, deputise for the Hub Manager when needed, and ensure the smooth, consistent delivery of services to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Housing Support Officer ===<br />
Housing Support Officers provide direct, person-centred support to residents, helping them with housing, mental health and other personal challenges through regular (at least weekly) contact, home visits, and practical help such as paperwork or accessing services. In addition, some Housing Support Officers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering). Engage Housing Support Officers focus on providing this support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers, helping them with their personal challenges and, in some cases, delivering specialised training.<br />
<br />
=== Administrator ===<br />
Administrators provide essential administrative support to a hub or team, helping to keep records, systems, and day-to-day office functions running smoothly. This role is key to ensuring Handcrafted's teams can focus on delivering support and training to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Trainer ===<br />
Trainers run training sessions in specific skill areas — such as carpentry, cookery, or creative crafts — oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver Handcrafted's NOCN-accredited and non-accredited training courses. This covers roles also known as Workshop Supervisor or Kitchen Supervisor in some hubs. In some cases, a Trainer may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
=== Independent Verifier ===<br />
The Independent Verifier checks and confirms the quality and consistency of Handcrafted's training assessments, ensuring they meet the required standards of NOCN and our other awarding bodies. This role involves reviewing assessment evidence and providing feedback to Trainers to maintain the integrity of our qualifications.<br />
<br />
=== Training Assistant ===<br />
Training Assistants support Trainers and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses, across both our general Training Team and specialist programmes such as Women's Work. This role involves assisting with the development of training programmes and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
=== Maintenance ===<br />
Maintenance staff keep Handcrafted's hubs and supported housing safe, functional, and well-presented, carrying out repairs and routine upkeep. In some cases, this role is combined with an Enterprise focus, contributing to income-generating activities — such as our carpentry commissions or screen-printing project — alongside maintenance duties.<br />
<br />
=== Key Worker ===<br />
Key Workers provide consistent, dedicated one-to-one support to a small caseload of residents, particularly within services such as Hummingbird Homes. They build trusted relationships with residents, coordinate their individual support plans, and act as the main point of contact for their wellbeing and progress, helping foster the family-like sense of belonging at the heart of these services.<br />
<br />
=== Business Development Officer ===<br />
Business Development Officers contribute to Handcrafted's strategic growth and sustainability, with individuals specialising in areas such as systems and impact, finance and admin, strategic partnerships, or enterprise — including ventures like The Shakey café and our screen-printing project. Depending on their specialism, this may involve running training sessions or group activities, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
=== Support Systems Officer ===<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work, and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Confidentiality_Policy&diff=650Confidentiality Policy2026-06-23T12:25:13Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Reviewed and updated according to the instructions by Dan Northover: Handcrafted Mail Seymour Jacklin <seymour@handcraftedproject.com> Re: Social media policy Dan Northover <dan@handcrafted.org.uk> 23 June 2026 at 12:44 To: Seymour Jacklin <seymour@handcrafted.org.uk> Cc: Jack Perrin <jack@handcrafted.org.uk> Thank you Seymour, I think this is great. Yes to first yellow bit. No to the first green bit. Yes to the rest of the green. Dan Northover - CEO Unit 21, Skillion Business Centre, Durham,</p>
<hr />
<div>The purpose of this Confidentiality Policy is to lay down the principles that must be observed by all Handcrafted staff and trainees who have access to person-identifiable information or confidential information. You need to be aware of your responsibilities for safeguarding confidentiality and preserving information security as part of the duty of care we all have to our trainees and residents.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
!CEO<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|23/06/2026<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Principles ==<br />
* Because of the nature of our work, you will frequently encounter sensitive information that requires discretion and confidentiality. There will, however, be certain disclosures that you may not be able to keep to yourself and occasions when keeping absolute confidentiality may be impossible.<br />
* Medical, legal and counselling professionals can offer greater confidentiality than we can, but still within the limits below. Any of our trainees who is concerned for their privacy can speak to such people instead.<br />
<br />
The balance of public interest favours the prevention and detection of serious crime over the protection of confidences. Murder, manslaughter, rape, treason, kidnapping, child abuse or other cases where individuals have suffered serious harm may all warrant breaching confidentiality. Serious harm to the security of the state or to public order and crimes that involve substantial financial gain and loss may also fall within this category. <br />
<br />
In contrast, theft, fraud, or damage to property where loss or damage is less substantial would generally not warrant breach of confidence. (DH, 2003a: 35).<br />
<br />
The best practice guidance of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) advises that information that could prevent serious harm to individuals is passed on as appropriate to the relevant authorities.<br />
<br />
If people are likely to disclose sensitive information, you should in the first instance encourage them to make the disclosure directly to a professional or relevant authority or get their consent to pass it on to either your line manager, the Safeguarding Officer or to relevant authorities such as the police or emergency services. This could be because of one of the reasons listed in 1.3 above, but also if:<br />
<br />
* it will have a significant and negative effect on the wider community (e.g. physical or mental health, moral or relationship issues) <br />
* You as a worker need support and advice<br />
In addition to the principles outlined here, staff are reminded that maintaining professional boundaries is essential to safeguarding confidentiality and trust. Staff must not seek or accept personal benefit through their role. Please see the [[Conflict of Interest Policy]] for further guidance.<br />
<br />
== Practice ==<br />
<br />
=== Breaching Confidentiality ===<br />
If you have decided that you must share sensitive information about identifiable individuals, you must take care you do so gently and respectfully and that you:<br />
<br />
* Communicate verbally, not by electronic, digital communication<br />
* Involve the minimum number of people on a 'need-to-know' basis<br />
* Disclose only the minimal amount of information necessary in the first instance <br />
* Disclose only for reasons you best perceive to be the good of the individual or public interest.<br />
<br />
==== How and when to ask for consent and anticipate a disclosure ====<br />
We are in a position of trust and people may assume that we will keep their confidences under all circumstances. <br />
<br />
You should be clear when talking to trainees and residents that about the possible exceptions to confidentiality. In a one-off or unexpected situation, people about to disclose something very personal and private often look and sound awkward. Observe their body language and, if needed, interrupt them. You can say, ‘''I’m so sorry to interrupt, but if you might be about to disclose something very sensitive, I want to explain that there are some things I am obliged by law to pass on if I know about them''’.<br />
<br />
==== How to decide what to pass on and to whom ====<br />
If it is a ‘Safeguarding’ issue then follow safeguarding guidance and only contact the Safeguarding Officer or their deputy. <br />
<br />
Safeguarding is a term used to denote measures to protect the health, well-being and human rights of individuals, which allow people — especially children, young people and adults at risk — to live free from abuse, harm and neglect. (See the Handcrafted Safeguarding Policy for more information)<br />
<br />
You should make secure notes of facts but ask no leading questions.<br />
<br />
Otherwise, ask if they have told anyone else and establish what their support network is. From that, you can tell whether appropriate people are available to support them.<br />
<br />
If you are at all unsure about what to do, talk to your line manager or someone more senior without including any information that could identify the individual you are concerned about. Together you can decide what to do next.<br />
<br />
==== Information you might want to pass on but are not required to ====<br />
After a very private disclosure, there will be times when you think it would be helpful for others to know, and yet, you know you are not obliged by law or advised by this policy to pass it on. In these cases, discuss with the individual why you believe this and encourage them to share it or permit you to share it.<br />
<br />
You can still talk with your line manager about any case anonymously if you need further support and advice.<br />
<br />
==== Allegations of historic sexual abuse ====<br />
Widespread media attention on the subject of historic sexual abuse has given greater confidence to individuals who were victims of abuse in the past to come forward. You may find that someone makes a disclosure to you.<br />
<br />
In such cases, your priority is to support that individual in making the allegations known to the relevant authorities and/or accessing professional help if they wish.<br />
<br />
* Allow them to speak and don’t ask leading questions<br />
* Do not show surprise or alarm or attempt counselling<br />
* Make a private and secure written record of the conversation<br />
* Ask them whether they would like to take the issue further or what they would like you to do with the information.<br />
<br />
If possible ascertain if there is an ongoing safeguarding issue (e.g. if the individual concerned is likely to be an active risk to other people) - in such cases, you may need to contact the Safeguarding Officer for the reasons outlined above.<br />
<br />
=== Use of Social Media Platforms for Work ===<br />
<br />
Staff must not connect with, or accept connection requests from, residents or trainees they are currently working with at Handcrafted on any social media platform. This applies regardless of the platform or the apparent purpose of the connection. Where a pre-existing personal or social relationship means that a connection already exists, staff should notify their line manager so that an agreed approach can be recorded.<br />
<br />
The privacy afforded by social media channels and third-party apps varies and is subject to frequent changes that are nearly impossible to monitor and control, and which may lead to the unintended disclosure of a vulnerable individual's personal information. It is important for all staff and trainees to be aware of this.<br />
<br />
==== Privacy Protection ====<br />
<br />
Be aware that posts made through personal online accounts that are public can be seen and may breach Handcrafted policy if they bring the organisation into disrepute. This includes situations when you could be identifiable as a Handcrafted employee or volunteer whilst using social media, or occasions when you may be commenting on Handcrafted-related matters in a public forum.<br />
<br />
If you accept contact requests from any individual who engages with Handcrafted services or has a friend or relative engaged with our services, you must ensure that your other contacts are not visible to them. This is to protect the identity of other people with whom you have contact who may also be trusting you with their information.<br />
<br />
''i.e. on Facebook, you must set the privacy option to "hide" your friends.''<br />
<br />
It is also advised that you protect personal details about your life outside of Handcrafted (e.g. where you live).<br />
<br />
==== Protected Individuals ====<br />
<br />
Some of the people who use Handcrafted services are particularly at risk and it is vital that we protect their identity and do not inadvertently reveal their whereabouts. This includes individuals who are housed in women's refuges, those who are under witness protection, and people who are known to be on the Sex Offender's Register. Staff must not connect with these individuals via social media under any circumstances.<br />
<br />
==== Accountability ====<br />
<br />
If you are unsure whether a connection falls within the scope of this policy, err on the side of caution and discuss it with your line manager before accepting or making contact.<br />
<br />
==== Lending your device ====<br />
<br />
Do not allow somebody else to 'borrow' your device without your close supervision, even for 'a quick phone call' or 'to check email'.<br />
<br />
==== Failure to comply ====<br />
<br />
Be aware that failure to comply with the above conditions may lead to action under the [[Disciplinary Policy and Procedures]], up to and including dismissal.<br />
<br />
=== Referral Contact Details ===<br />
{{Safeguarding contacts}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Behaviour_Management_Plan&diff=649Behaviour Management Plan2026-06-19T09:39:40Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Minor corrections requested by Dan</p>
<hr />
<div>At Handcrafted, we are dedicated to supporting our staff and service users in line with our Christian ethos and values. We recognise that maintaining positive behaviour is key to safeguarding young people and creating a safe, nurturing environment.<br />
<br />
This policy outlines the principles, permitted sanctions, prohibited measures, and use of physical interventions that guide behaviour management at Handcrafted, ensuring staff support young people appropriately and effectively.<br />
<br />
This policy will be reviewed as required and at least annually by the group or individual responsible for review and authorised by the Trustees as below:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group or individual responsible for review<br />
![[The Safeguarding Steering Group|'''The Safeguarding Steering Group''']]<br />
|-<br />
|'''Last review and approval'''<br />
|16/10/2024<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Overview =<br />
<br />
It is unreasonable to expect young people not to misbehave from time to time. Whether it is temper tantrums or direct challenges to a staff member’s authority, there will always be times when staff need to employ the use of control and discipline. Good order is also a necessary aspect of life to enable young people to develop in a safe and secure environment.<br />
<br />
This policy seeks to provide all involved with a framework within which positive behaviour can be promoted and managed while protecting young people and staff alike.<br />
<br />
Support given to a child or young person who is living in supported accomodation must ensure that the child is safeguarded and protected, and that the welfare of the child is paramount. Children in Care are all subject to individual circumstances, which can result in feelings of hurt, fear and sadness. Such feelings, together with previous experiences, can at times be expressed in behavioural terms. At the same time, children and young people will grow up into a world where people will not always take account of their difficult past experiences. They need to be able to act with consideration for others and for themselves.<br />
<br />
= Context =<br />
<br />
It is important to recognise that children living in care will not always respond to discipline in the way that children in the community may respond. There are a number of aspects to this:<br />
<br />
* They may have been through experiences that have led to them having an extremely low view of themselves. They may feel failures, worthless and deserving of punishment.<br />
* They may be accustomed to punishment and to having nothing.<br />
* They may find it difficult to use intrinsic or social rewards.<br />
* They may find it difficult to maintain motivation and relationships with staff and peers.<br />
<br />
Difficult behaviour is often a means of coping with difficult emotions and extreme situations. Every young person is different and management strategies need to be individualised and tailored to the particular young person and their current situation. Approaches are likely to need to change over time. Young people will need repeated opportunities to learn positive coping strategies.<br />
<br />
= Principles =<br />
<br />
Principles which seek to guide staff in promoting positive behaviour and managing behaviour effectively are:<br />
<br />
* Focusing on an asset-based approach, praising and seeking to reward good behaviour.<br />
* Adopting a non-confrontational approach Establishing a good relationship/ rapport with children based on mutual respect.<br />
* Establishing boundaries which are consistent, explicit and applicable to all children within the household.<br />
* Acknowledging and appreciating the past life experiences which children bring.<br />
* The use of age, and developmental stage-appropriate sanctions - but only, when necessary, not as routine.<br />
* Receiving training which covers both the origins of behaviour and standard techniques/strategies.<br />
* Having access to resources.<br />
* Working within a multi-agency context.<br />
* Working with the child and enabling the child to express their wishes and feelings.<br />
<br />
= Promoting Positive Behaviour =<br />
<br />
It is expected that support workers will:<br />
<br />
* Encourage socially acceptable behaviour.<br />
* Assist young people in recognising the consequences of their behaviour.<br />
* Develop the young person’s positive coping strategies.<br />
* Assist young people in recognising their feelings and the impact of these on their behaviour.<br />
* Maintain and build relationships, sense of self-worth, motivation and experience of success, ensuring that all children and young people feel valued.<br />
* Assist young people to develop resilience.<br />
* Develop inner control so that in time they will learn self-control and are motivated towards improved behaviour.<br />
<br />
= Environment =<br />
<br />
Support workers should provide a positive environment for the children and young people in their care by:<br />
<br />
* Being good role models of positive behaviour<br />
* Praising and rewarding positive behaviour<br />
* Encouraging an atmosphere of mutual respect between carers and young people<br />
* Ensuring that all children and young people feel valued<br />
<br />
The support team should develop a shared approach to interactions, rewards and sanctions that is made explicit and open to young people. That will be done in the following ways:<br />
<br />
* There should be regular reviews of the ways management strategies are working.<br />
* Support workers should use a range of ways of managing situations.<br />
* Support workers should be mindful of maintaining the balance between criticism and praise.<br />
<br />
Young people are more likely to use suggestions towards change if these are made in a positive way suggesting what a child might do rather than what they should not do and talked about in small doses alongside praise for success and achievement.<br />
<br />
Support workers and managers should regularly discuss what sanctions are being used to ensure that they are safe as well as effective.<br />
<br />
Rewards and Sanctions will be more successful if they are applied fairly and in the context of relationships between support workers and young people which are based on mutual respect.<br />
<br />
= Permitted Sanctions =<br />
<br />
The techniques that are deployed will be largely dependent on the young person’s individual circumstances and needs and should also be relevant to their age and developmental stage. The aim is always to reduce and/or eradicate behaviours by responding in a positive and consistent manner.<br />
<br />
Understanding the impact of trauma is essential to our approach. Our trauma-informed care recognises that the potential histories of adversity that our young people may carry mean there is often more going on beneath the surface. We try to understand and respond to the underlying needs rather than just the actions that we see. We aim to create a safe, empathetic, and non-judgmental space that acknowledges and responds to trauma, fostering healing and resilience.<br />
<br />
Occasionally though, staff will need to exercise sanctions for unacceptable behaviours in the home and the following actions are permitted:<br />
<br />
* Disapproval<br />
* Verbal Reprimand<br />
* Time Out<br />
<br />
== Disapproval ==<br />
<br />
For disapproval of a behaviour to be effective, and have an influence on the young person, the quality of the relationship between the child and carer is of great importance. 'Disapproval' should not be practiced over extended periods of time, nor should it involve other children.<br />
<br />
== Verbal Reprimand ==<br />
<br />
This can be used where the young person’s behaviour is clearly outside the boundaries of acceptance. At no time should intimidating or threatening language or manner be used.<br />
<br />
== Time Out ==<br />
<br />
This can be used as a calming down period – removing a young person to another area.<br />
<br />
= Prohibited Measures =<br />
<br />
Staff must never resort to any of the prohibited measures listed. Staff will be subject to investigation if they use any of the prohibited measures:<br />
<br />
* Corporal Punishment<br />
* Deprivation of Food or Drink<br />
* Refusal or Restriction of Contact<br />
* Required to Wear Distinctive Clothing<br />
* Withholding of Medication or Medical/Dental Treatment<br />
* Locking in<br />
* Deprivation of sleep<br />
<br />
The emphasis is on individual young people and behaviour management which is tailored to each child's needs. Some of the behaviours which carers may find difficult could include persistent lying, persistent stealing, sexually harmful behaviours, self-harming, aggression, repeated destruction of property and going missing from home.<br />
<br />
Wherever possible, rewarding acceptable behaviour should be the preferred and usual method of reinforcing and encouraging acceptable conduct and behaviour.<br />
<br />
Staff will be encouraged to seek help and advice, where appropriate, from other agencies such as health and education.<br />
<br />
= Positive Handling and Restrictive Physical Interventions =<br />
<br />
Staff have to bear in mind that the legal ‘duty of care’ that applies to all those working with young people means that ‘doing nothing’ may be construed by the law as ‘‘negligence’’ in terms of this duty.<br />
<br />
There are circumstances when it would be appropriate to intervene physically to prevent behaviour that is harmful to a child or others.<br />
<br />
== Positive Handling non-restrictive intervention ==<br />
<br />
Positive handling non-restrictive physical interventions cover such areas as touching, obstructing and holding.<br />
<br />
* '''Touching''': Normal physical contact (as would be expected between good parents and their children) is not prohibited between staff and the young people they look after but should not be used as a matter of routine.<br />
* '''Holding''': Holding would discourage a young person from actively harming themselves or others.<br />
* '''Obstructing''': the use of a support worker’s physical presence without touching to obstruct or restrict a young person’s movement.<br />
<br />
It is recognised that Handcrafted staff will on occasion be required to exercise control in a manner which safeguards and promotes the welfare of the child. There may be circumstances where a child or young person may be at risk of committing harm to themselves or to other people, whether intentionally or not. In such circumstances non-restrictive physical intervention may be necessary (touching, obstructing, or holding).<br />
<br />
Any physical intervention will be justifiable and appropriate to the child's circumstances and will enhance safety. Any physical intervention must take account of the physical, emotional and medical needs of each individual young person. Physical interventions should not in any way be used as a substitute for other types of intervention. (Also read Appendix 1)<br />
<br />
Risk assessment and behaviour management will inform and indicate the necessity for the use of physical intervention. Where this is indicated staff will receive relevant training and information about the management of behaviour, which will emphasise positive approaches and alternatives to the use of physical intervention wherever possible.<br />
<br />
Where physical intervention has been necessary, staff will make a written record. The social worker should be informed as soon as possible so that the child can be seen. Young people and staff will afterwards receive additional support, when required.<br />
<br />
== Restrictive physical intervention (restraint) ==<br />
<br />
Where non-physical de-escalation approaches and positive handling doesn’t de-escalate situations, Handcrafted staff will not be trained in physical restraint. Staff will contact emergency services if the situation is deemed to be dangerous.<br />
<br />
= Behaviour Management Plan =<br />
<br />
This is a plan which sets out any known or predicted difficult behaviours of the child, known factors likely to trigger the behaviour, agreed strategies to manage the behaviour, arrangements for recording the behaviour and strategies taken to manage it. Strategies should be agreed with young people. For further information see Appendix 2.<br />
<br />
== Post Placement ==<br />
<br />
Any behaviour management plan will be regularly reviewed and amended as required. Ongoing training will be made available to staff. Where a specific training need is identified within a carer’s supervision this will be addressed in regular support reviews and review of Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plans. Staff are encouraged to seek the help and advice of the Registered Manager.<br />
<br />
= Appendix 1 - Essential Required Good Practice Relating to Physical Intervention =<br />
<br />
The permissible types of non-restrictive physical intervention which involve the physical involvement of staff are described. They are not intended to be progressive and failure of one method should not necessarily automatically lead to the next.<br />
<br />
The type of physical intervention used will always depend upon and need to be in keeping with the circumstances including the age, competence and nature of the young person and the potential risks involved. Wherever possible, physical intervention should be guided by a risk assessment and behaviour management plan.<br />
<br />
Any intervention should always be preceded by clear verbal instructions and warnings of the consequences of ignoring them and then accompanied throughout by attempts to "talk down" and calm the incident until any risk has passed.<br />
<br />
Physical intervention should only be used when required by the particular circumstances prevailing and never as part of a general regime. Consideration must be given to the health and cultural background of each individual child/young person before intervening.<br />
<br />
== Touching ==<br />
<br />
Staff should be able to express "parental affection" towards young people in their care to provide comfort to ease distress. This may include a hug or friendly arm on the shoulder etc. Staff need to be mindful that a high proportion of young people who are looked after have experienced sexual and physical abuse. Therefore carers need always to be cautious and ensure that any physical contact is not misinterpreted.<br />
<br />
Staff should ensure that care is taken not to touch a young person in any way they are uncomfortable with as certain physical contact may be open to misinterpretation.<br />
<br />
Where a support worker is concerned that behaviour may have been inappropriate, they should discuss their concerns with their manager or supervising social worker.<br />
<br />
Young people who have been sexually abused may exhibit sexualised or inviting behaviour. Staff need to remain aware of their role and acknowledge any issues such as behaviour that arises for them, seeking advice and guidance from their manager or supervising social worker.<br />
<br />
== Holding ==<br />
<br />
This should involve no more than a hand placed on an arm or shoulder or leading a young person by one or both hands and/or possibly by the flat of one hand placed against a young person’s back in order to guide him/her to some other place or activity.<br />
<br />
This may be necessary to divert a young person from destructive or disruptive behaviour.<br />
<br />
A young person may be successfully diverted from destructive or disruptive behaviour by being led away by the hand, arm, or by means of an arm around his or her shoulder. Again, young people having a minor argument or a fight, which in itself is not likely to cause serious harm, but is nonetheless disruptive and detrimental to the well-being of other children, may be successfully separated by being held firmly and guided away.<br />
<br />
Young adults may be successfully engaged by a hand placed firmly on the arm or shoulder to reinforce the attempts of carers to reason with them, or to emphasise the concern felt for them.<br />
<br />
Staff should adopt the following principles when dealing with young people in this way. Whenever possible, the support worker involved should have an established relationship with the young person and should explain to the young person what they are doing and why:<br />
<br />
* Holding should not arouse sexual expectations or feelings, and should cease if the child gives any indication of this.<br />
* Staff should be careful where they hold young people. For instances, carers should be careful not to hold a child or young person in such a way that involves anything other than the arms or back.<br />
* If on any occasion the young person forcibly resists or clearly objects, then "holding" should no longer be used as a method of physical intervention for that particular young person.<br />
* Should the support worker feel unsure about any responses to a young person’s behaviour they should consult with the social worker or their manager.<br />
<br />
= Appendix 2 - Behaviour Management Plan =<br />
<br />
As part of the placement planning process for all Children in Care, consideration should be given to whether it is necessary to draw up a Behaviour Management Plan addressing behaviours such as:<br />
<br />
* Absenting behaviour<br />
* Anxiety or withdrawal<br />
* Bullying or other similar behaviours<br />
* Challenging behaviour<br />
* Drug or substance misuse<br />
* Lack of awareness of personal safety<br />
* Offending or offensive behaviour<br />
* Prostitution<br />
* Self-harming behaviour<br />
* Sexually exploitative or inappropriate sexual behaviour<br />
* Violence or aggressive behaviour<br />
<br />
Behaviour Management Plans are incorporated into risk management plans.<br />
<br />
Behaviour Management Plans must summarise the behaviours causing concern and the strategies being adopted by staff to manage the behaviour(s).<br />
<br />
Where the same behaviour is exhibited outside the placement, e.g., at school, every effort should be made to ensure staff and other professionals work in partnership, ensuring consistency where appropriate.</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Conducting_an_Exit_Interview_Quick_Guide&diff=648Conducting an Exit Interview Quick Guide2026-06-19T09:15:05Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Created page with "== Conducting an Exit Interview: Quick Guide == === Our process === Exit interviews will be offered to all staff when they leave. Rather than a fixed procedure, we want a flexible process that can adapt to how different people leave, but with enough consistency to generate useful learning over time. The interview will be offered by the line manager as part of offboarding, and recorded on an offboarding checklist. Where someone prefers not to speak in person, written..."</p>
<hr />
<div>== Conducting an Exit Interview: Quick Guide ==<br />
<br />
=== Our process ===<br />
<br />
Exit interviews will be offered to all staff when they leave. Rather than a fixed procedure, we want a flexible process that can adapt to how different people leave, but with enough consistency to generate useful learning over time.<br />
<br />
The interview will be offered by the line manager as part of offboarding, and recorded on an offboarding checklist.<br />
<br />
Where someone prefers not to speak in person, written questions will be available as an alternative.<br />
<br />
A small number of people will conduct exit interviews, to help ensure consistency. The conversations will be fed back to the HR & Wellbeing Steering Group.<br />
<br />
=== Guidance for those conducting an exit interview ===<br />
<br />
The purpose of an exit interview is twofold: to help the person leaving feel genuinely heard and to leave on a good note, and to generate honest learning for the organisation. Neither goal is well served by defensiveness. Our role is to listen, not to represent Handcrafted, justify decisions, or correct the record, even where the person's experience feels one-sided or unfair.<br />
<br />
It helps to keep in mind that people leave in very different circumstances — someone moving on to an exciting new opportunity needs a different kind of conversation to someone leaving because their experience here has been difficult. In both cases, ask open questions, give space, and follow the thread of what they actually want to say.<br />
<br />
The suggested questions below are prompts that can be used to open up conversation rather than needing to work through them one by one. What matters is that the person leaves feeling they had a genuine opportunity to speak.<br />
<br />
=== Sample questions ===<br />
<br />
''Why they are leaving''<br />
<br />
* What prompted you to start looking for something new?<br />
* What are you most looking forward to in your next role?<br />
* Was there anything we could have done differently that might have changed things?<br />
<br />
''Their experience of the role''<br />
<br />
* What did you value most about working here?<br />
* Were there things that frustrated you or that you felt could work better?<br />
* Did you feel you had the support and tools to do your job well?<br />
<br />
''Looking forward''<br />
<br />
* What skills or qualities do you think we should look for in your replacement?<br />
* What would you want your successor to know?<br />
* Is there anything else you'd like to say before you go?</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Moving_On_from_Handcrafted&diff=647Moving On from Handcrafted2026-06-19T09:14:08Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Created page with "== Moving on from Handcrafted == === Offboarding Checklist === When you are leaving us, there are a few steps that we take. Your line manager (or other appropriate staff member) will support you in this transition, and be responsible for ensuring that the following things happen: * You will be offered an exit interview * If you use any personal devices for work, you must delete all Handcrafted data stored on them by your leaving date * You must return all Handcrafted..."</p>
<hr />
<div>== Moving on from Handcrafted ==<br />
<br />
=== Offboarding Checklist ===<br />
<br />
When you are leaving us, there are a few steps that we take.<br />
<br />
Your line manager (or other appropriate staff member) will support you in this transition, and be responsible for ensuring that the following things happen:<br />
<br />
* You will be offered an exit interview<br />
* If you use any personal devices for work, you must delete all Handcrafted data stored on them by your leaving date<br />
* You must return all Handcrafted equipment, including:<br />
** Laptops<br />
** Phones<br />
** Staffwear<br />
** Keys<br />
** Tools for property maintenance, woodwork, etc.<br />
* You will receive a P45<br />
* Your user accounts will be deactivated and you will no longer have access to them, including:<br />
** Laptop user<br />
** Phone SIM<br />
** Email<br />
** Airtable account<br />
** Microsoft 365 account<br />
** Any other cloud services<br />
<br />
=== Exit Interviews ===<br />
<br />
When you are leaving Handcrafted, your line manager will offer you an exit interview before your last day.<br />
<br />
This is an important conversation, though nothing you say will affect your reference or how you are treated on the way out. The purpose is to give you a chance to reflect on your time here and share anything you think might help us improve.<br />
<br />
What you share will be treated with respect, discussed at steering group level, and used to inform how we support staff in future.<br />
<br />
If you would prefer not to have the conversation in person, you can ask for the questions in writing instead, or you can decline altogether.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''If you are conducting an exit interview, see the [[Conducting an Exit Interview Quick Guide]].''</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Template:Organisational_Topics&diff=646Template:Organisational Topics2026-06-19T09:05:11Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>* [[Line Managers]]<br />
* [[Probationary Period]]<br />
* [[Contracts]]<br />
* [[Working Hours Expectations]]<br />
* [[Sickness and Absence]]<br />
* [[Handcrafted Workwear]]<br />
* [[Annual Leave]]<br />
* [[Expenses Claims Procedure for Staff]]<br />
* [[Complaints and Grievances Procedures]]<br />
* [[Personal Development Reviews]]<br />
* [[Personal Mental Health Care for Staff]]<br />
* [[Staff Training and Development]]<br />
* [[Moving On from Handcrafted]]</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=645Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T12:34:33Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: richer descriptions</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026 800px.jpg|alt=Handcrafted Organisational Chart|1786x1786px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
=== CEO ===<br />
The CEO leads Handcrafted's mission to connect with people who have been excluded from society, and offer support, housing, opportunities and training that empowers them to turn their own lives around. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and ensuring everything Handcrafted does stays rooted in our values of Creativity, Empathy, Empowerment and Community.<br />
<br />
=== Operations Director ===<br />
The Operations Director oversees the operations of Handcrafted's Community Hubs in Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland and Darlington, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programmes across each hub. This role involves strategic management and coordination of hub teams and services, working alongside the Director for Young People and Training Manager to ensure a joined-up approach across the organisation.<br />
<br />
=== Director for Young People ===<br />
The Director for Young People oversees Handcrafted's services supporting young people, including our Engage programme for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young care leavers, and our Hummingbird Homes, which offer young people leaving care a gentler, more gradual transition into independent living within a family-like, community setting. This role involves strategic management of these teams, ensuring support is tailored to the specific needs of young people and aligned with Handcrafted's wider mission.<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Finance Deputy Director ===<br />
The Strategic Finance Deputy Director oversees Handcrafted's finance, strategy and business development functions. This role involves strategic financial planning, identifying opportunities for sustainable growth — including our social enterprises such as The Shakey café and our Chester-le-Street screen-printing project — and leading the Business Development team.<br />
<br />
=== Project Development Manager ===<br />
The Project Development Manager leads on developing new pilot projects and initiatives for Handcrafted, and oversees HR and Health & Safety functions across the organisation. This role involves identifying opportunities for innovation — such as new hubs, services or housing models — ensuring new projects are set up for success, and making sure our people and premises practices are safe, fair and effective.<br />
<br />
=== Training Manager ===<br />
The Training Manager is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation and growth of Handcrafted's training programmes. This role involves overseeing training across the hubs, where activities include carpentry, cookery, creative crafts, and barista and customer service skills, delivered through our NOCN-accredited and non-accredited courses. The Training Manager aligns training programmes with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for programme expansion, partnerships, training capacity, and our Matrix-accredited information, advice and guidance offer.<br />
<br />
=== Deputy Director of Operations ===<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub or service, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers within our Engage programme. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly, working closely with the relevant Director.<br />
<br />
=== Women’s Work Coordinator ===<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops Handcrafted's women's groups, which run across our hubs — including in Gilesgate, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and Darlington. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
=== Support Quality Manager ===<br />
The Support Quality Manager oversees staff training, staff wellbeing, and the quality and safeguarding of the support Handcrafted provides. This role involves monitoring and improving the quality of care across the organisation, embedding our trauma-informed, person-centred approach into day-to-day practice, and providing wellbeing support and supervision to frontline staff.<br />
<br />
=== Hub Managers ===<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub — Durham, Chester-le-Street, Gateshead, Sunderland or Darlington — including the management of housing support and training programmes. They ensure that the hub's activities align with Handcrafted's mission, providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities, from training sessions to community meals.<br />
<br />
=== Assistant Manager ===<br />
Assistant Managers support the Hub Manager in overseeing the day-to-day running of a hub, including housing support and training activities. They help coordinate staff, deputise for the Hub Manager when needed, and ensure the smooth, consistent delivery of services to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Housing Support Officer ===<br />
Housing Support Officers provide direct, person-centred support to residents, helping them with housing, mental health and other personal challenges through regular (at least weekly) contact, home visits, and practical help such as paperwork or accessing services. In addition, some Housing Support Officers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering). Engage Housing Support Officers focus on providing this support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers, helping them with their personal challenges and, in some cases, delivering specialised training.<br />
<br />
=== Administrator ===<br />
Administrators provide essential administrative support to a hub or team, helping to keep records, systems, and day-to-day office functions running smoothly. This role is key to ensuring Handcrafted's teams can focus on delivering support and training to residents and trainees.<br />
<br />
=== Trainer ===<br />
Trainers run training sessions in specific skill areas — such as carpentry, cookery, or creative crafts — oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver Handcrafted's NOCN-accredited and non-accredited training courses. This covers roles also known as Workshop Supervisor or Kitchen Supervisor in some hubs. In some cases, a Trainer may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
=== Independent Verifier ===<br />
The Independent Verifier checks and confirms the quality and consistency of Handcrafted's training assessments, ensuring they meet the required standards of NOCN and our other awarding bodies. This role involves reviewing assessment evidence and providing feedback to Trainers to maintain the integrity of our qualifications.<br />
<br />
=== Training Assistant ===<br />
Training Assistants support Trainers and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses, across both our general Training Team and specialist programmes such as Women's Work. This role involves assisting with the development of training programmes and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
=== Maintenance ===<br />
Maintenance staff keep Handcrafted's hubs and supported housing safe, functional, and well-presented, carrying out repairs and routine upkeep. In some cases, this role is combined with an Enterprise focus, contributing to income-generating activities — such as our carpentry commissions or screen-printing project — alongside maintenance duties.<br />
<br />
=== Community Development Manager ===<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support and training programmes, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups — helping a hub become a genuine community focal point where people can share a meal, take part in training, or access support.<br />
<br />
=== Café Manager ===<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing The Shakey, our community café based at the Gateshead Hub, including training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team who run it day to day. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth, welcoming operation of the café, including its free weekday community meal.<br />
<br />
=== Key Worker ===<br />
Key Workers provide consistent, dedicated one-to-one support to a small caseload of residents, particularly within services such as Hummingbird Homes. They build trusted relationships with residents, coordinate their individual support plans, and act as the main point of contact for their wellbeing and progress, helping foster the family-like sense of belonging at the heart of these services.<br />
<br />
=== Business Development Officer ===<br />
Business Development Officers contribute to Handcrafted's strategic growth and sustainability, with individuals specialising in areas such as systems and impact, finance and admin, strategic partnerships, or enterprise — including ventures like The Shakey café and our screen-printing project. Depending on their specialism, this may involve running training sessions or group activities, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
=== Support Systems Officer ===<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work, and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=644Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T12:07:45Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Who does what? */ role description updates</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026 800px.jpg|alt=Handcrafted Organisational Chart|1786x1786px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
=== CEO ===<br />
The CEO oversees the entire organisation of Handcrafted, ensuring that all operations align with the mission and strategic goals. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and providing overall leadership and direction.<br />
<br />
=== Operations Director ===<br />
The Operations Director oversees the operations of our Community Hubs, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programs across each hub. This role involves strategic management and coordination of hub teams and services, working alongside the Director for Young People and Training Manager to ensure a joined-up approach across the organisation.<br />
<br />
=== Director for Young People ===<br />
The Director for Young People oversees all services supporting young people across the organisation, including our Engage programs for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young care leavers, and our Hummingbird service. This role involves strategic management of these teams, ensuring support is tailored to the specific needs of young people and aligned with our wider mission.<br />
<br />
=== Deputy Director of Operations ===<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub or service, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly, working closely with the relevant Director.<br />
<br />
=== Hub Managers ===<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub, including the management of housing support and training programs. They ensure that the hub's activities align with our mission, providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities.<br />
<br />
=== Assistant Manager ===<br />
Assistant Managers support the Hub Manager in overseeing the day-to-day running of a hub, including housing support and training activities. They help coordinate staff, deputise for the Hub Manager when needed, and ensure the smooth, consistent delivery of services.<br />
<br />
=== Training Manager ===<br />
The Training Manager is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation, and growth of our training programs. This role involves overseeing training at the hubs, where activities include woodwork, cookery, crafts, and customer service training. The Training Manager aligns training programs with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for program expansion, partnerships, and training capacity.<br />
<br />
=== Trainer ===<br />
Trainers run training sessions in specific skill areas (e.g., woodwork or catering), oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver training courses. This covers roles also known as Workshop Supervisor or Kitchen Supervisor in some hubs. In some cases, a Trainer may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
=== Independent Verifier ===<br />
The Independent Verifier checks and confirms the quality and consistency of our training assessments, ensuring they meet the required standards of our awarding bodies. This role involves reviewing assessment evidence and providing feedback to Trainers to maintain the integrity of our qualifications.<br />
<br />
=== Training Assistant ===<br />
Training Assistants support Trainers and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses, across both our general Training Team and specialist programs such as Women's Work. This role involves assisting with the development of training programs and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
=== Housing Support Worker ===<br />
Housing Support Workers provide direct support to residents, helping them with various needs such as housing, mental health, and other personal challenges. In addition, some Housing Support Workers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering).<br />
<br />
=== Community Development Manager ===<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support, and training programs, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups.<br />
<br />
=== Café Manager ===<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing our community café in Gateshead, which includes training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth operation of the café.<br />
<br />
=== Engage Support Worker ===<br />
Engage Support Workers focus on providing support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They help residents with their personal challenges and, in some cases, deliver specialised training courses.<br />
<br />
=== Key Worker ===<br />
Key Workers provide consistent, dedicated one-to-one support to a small caseload of residents, particularly within services such as Hummingbird. They build trusted relationships with residents, coordinate their individual support plans, and act as the main point of contact for their wellbeing and progress.<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Finance Deputy Director ===<br />
The Strategic Finance Deputy Director oversees the organisation's finance, strategy, and business development functions. This role involves strategic financial planning, identifying opportunities for sustainable growth, and leading the Business Development team.<br />
<br />
=== Business Development Officer ===<br />
Business Development Officers contribute to the organisation's strategic growth and sustainability, with individuals specialising in areas such as systems and impact, finance and admin, strategic partnerships, or enterprise. Depending on their specialism, this may involve running training sessions or group activities, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
=== Project Development Manager ===<br />
The Project Development Manager leads on developing new pilot projects and initiatives, and oversees HR and Health & Safety functions across the organisation. This role involves identifying opportunities for innovation, ensuring new projects are set up for success, and making sure our people and premises practices are safe, fair, and effective.<br />
<br />
=== Women’s Work Coordinator ===<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops programs specifically aimed at supporting women. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
=== Support Quality Manager ===<br />
The Support Quality Manager oversees staff training, staff wellbeing, and the quality and safeguarding of the support we provide. This role involves monitoring and improving the quality of care across the organisation, embedding our psychologically informed approach into day-to-day practice, and providing wellbeing support and supervision to frontline staff.<br />
<br />
=== Administrator ===<br />
Administrators provide essential administrative support to a hub or team, helping to keep records, systems, and day-to-day office functions running smoothly. This role is key to ensuring teams can focus on delivering support and training to residents.<br />
<br />
=== Maintenance ===<br />
Maintenance staff keep our hubs and buildings safe, functional, and well-presented, carrying out repairs and routine upkeep. In some cases, this role is combined with an Enterprise focus, contributing to income-generating activities alongside maintenance duties.<br />
<br />
=== Support Systems Officer ===<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work, and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=643Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T11:55:30Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Organisational Chart */ another chart fix</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026 800px.jpg|alt=Handcrafted Organisational Chart|1786x1786px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
==== CEO ====<br />
The CEO oversees the entire organisation of Handcrafted, ensuring that all operations align with the mission and strategic goals. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and providing overall leadership and direction.<br />
<br />
==== Operations Director ====<br />
The Operations Director oversees all operations of the organisation, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programs across all hubs. This role involves strategic management and coordination of various teams and services.<br />
<br />
==== Deputy Director of Operations ====<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly.<br />
<br />
==== Hub Managers ====<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub, including the management of housing support and training programs. They ensure that the hub's activities align with our mission providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities.<br />
<br />
==== Director of Training ====<br />
The Director of Training is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation, and growth of our training programs. This role involves overseeing training at the hubs, where activities include woodwork, cookery, crafts, and customer service training. The Director of Training aligns training programs with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for program expansion, partnerships, and training capacity.<br />
<br />
==== Training Supervisor ====<br />
Training Supervisors run training sessions in specific skill areas (e.g., woodwork or catering), oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver training courses. In some cases, the Training Supervisor may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
==== Housing Support Officer ====<br />
Support Workers provide direct support to residents, helping them with various needs such as housing, mental health, and other personal challenges. In addition, some Support Workers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering).<br />
<br />
==== Community Development Manager ====<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support, and training programs, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups.<br />
<br />
==== Café Manager ====<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing our community café in Gateshead, which includes training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth operation of the café.<br />
<br />
==== Engage Support Worker ====<br />
Engage Support Workers focus on providing support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They help residents with their personal challenges and, in some cases, deliver specialised training courses.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Manager ====<br />
The Training Development Manager oversees and develops the training provision across all hubs. This role involves managing training contracts, ensuring the quality of training programs, and leading specific training initiatives.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Officer ====<br />
The Training Development Officer assists the Training Development Manager in developing and delivering training programs. This role includes running training sessions, overseeing workshops, and supporting the continuous improvement of training offerings.<br />
<br />
==== Women’s Work Coordinator ====<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops programs specifically aimed at supporting women. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
==== Training Assistant ====<br />
The Training Assistant supports the Women’s Work Coordinator and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses. This role involves assisting with the development of training programs and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
==== Business Development Officer ====<br />
The Business Development Officer supports the CEO in developing the organisation as a business. This role involves running training sessions and group activities, contributing to the growth and sustainability of the organisation, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
==== Support Systems Officer ====<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=File:Org_chart_composite_Jun_2026_800px.jpg&diff=642File:Org chart composite Jun 2026 800px.jpg2026-06-17T11:54:44Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>org chart</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=641Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T11:52:45Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Organisational Chart */ new org chart</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026.jpg|alt=Handcrafted Organisational Chart - June 2026|1786x1786px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
==== CEO ====<br />
The CEO oversees the entire organisation of Handcrafted, ensuring that all operations align with the mission and strategic goals. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and providing overall leadership and direction.<br />
<br />
==== Operations Director ====<br />
The Operations Director oversees all operations of the organisation, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programs across all hubs. This role involves strategic management and coordination of various teams and services.<br />
<br />
==== Deputy Director of Operations ====<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly.<br />
<br />
==== Hub Managers ====<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub, including the management of housing support and training programs. They ensure that the hub's activities align with our mission providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities.<br />
<br />
==== Director of Training ====<br />
The Director of Training is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation, and growth of our training programs. This role involves overseeing training at the hubs, where activities include woodwork, cookery, crafts, and customer service training. The Director of Training aligns training programs with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for program expansion, partnerships, and training capacity.<br />
<br />
==== Training Supervisor ====<br />
Training Supervisors run training sessions in specific skill areas (e.g., woodwork or catering), oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver training courses. In some cases, the Training Supervisor may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
==== Housing Support Officer ====<br />
Support Workers provide direct support to residents, helping them with various needs such as housing, mental health, and other personal challenges. In addition, some Support Workers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering).<br />
<br />
==== Community Development Manager ====<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support, and training programs, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups.<br />
<br />
==== Café Manager ====<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing our community café in Gateshead, which includes training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth operation of the café.<br />
<br />
==== Engage Support Worker ====<br />
Engage Support Workers focus on providing support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They help residents with their personal challenges and, in some cases, deliver specialised training courses.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Manager ====<br />
The Training Development Manager oversees and develops the training provision across all hubs. This role involves managing training contracts, ensuring the quality of training programs, and leading specific training initiatives.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Officer ====<br />
The Training Development Officer assists the Training Development Manager in developing and delivering training programs. This role includes running training sessions, overseeing workshops, and supporting the continuous improvement of training offerings.<br />
<br />
==== Women’s Work Coordinator ====<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops programs specifically aimed at supporting women. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
==== Training Assistant ====<br />
The Training Assistant supports the Women’s Work Coordinator and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses. This role involves assisting with the development of training programs and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
==== Business Development Officer ====<br />
The Business Development Officer supports the CEO in developing the organisation as a business. This role involves running training sessions and group activities, contributing to the growth and sustainability of the organisation, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
==== Support Systems Officer ====<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=640Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T11:44:24Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: /* Organisational Chart */ new org chart</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Org chart composite Jun 2026.jpg|border|center|frameless|2031x2031px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
==== CEO ====<br />
The CEO oversees the entire organisation of Handcrafted, ensuring that all operations align with the mission and strategic goals. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and providing overall leadership and direction.<br />
<br />
==== Operations Director ====<br />
The Operations Director oversees all operations of the organisation, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programs across all hubs. This role involves strategic management and coordination of various teams and services.<br />
<br />
==== Deputy Director of Operations ====<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly.<br />
<br />
==== Hub Managers ====<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub, including the management of housing support and training programs. They ensure that the hub's activities align with our mission providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities.<br />
<br />
==== Director of Training ====<br />
The Director of Training is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation, and growth of our training programs. This role involves overseeing training at the hubs, where activities include woodwork, cookery, crafts, and customer service training. The Director of Training aligns training programs with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for program expansion, partnerships, and training capacity.<br />
<br />
==== Training Supervisor ====<br />
Training Supervisors run training sessions in specific skill areas (e.g., woodwork or catering), oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver training courses. In some cases, the Training Supervisor may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
<br />
==== Housing Support Officer ====<br />
Support Workers provide direct support to residents, helping them with various needs such as housing, mental health, and other personal challenges. In addition, some Support Workers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering).<br />
<br />
==== Community Development Manager ====<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support, and training programs, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups.<br />
<br />
==== Café Manager ====<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing our community café in Gateshead, which includes training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth operation of the café.<br />
<br />
==== Engage Support Worker ====<br />
Engage Support Workers focus on providing support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They help residents with their personal challenges and, in some cases, deliver specialised training courses.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Manager ====<br />
The Training Development Manager oversees and develops the training provision across all hubs. This role involves managing training contracts, ensuring the quality of training programs, and leading specific training initiatives.<br />
<br />
==== Training Development Officer ====<br />
The Training Development Officer assists the Training Development Manager in developing and delivering training programs. This role includes running training sessions, overseeing workshops, and supporting the continuous improvement of training offerings.<br />
<br />
==== Women’s Work Coordinator ====<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops programs specifically aimed at supporting women. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
<br />
==== Training Assistant ====<br />
The Training Assistant supports the Women’s Work Coordinator and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses. This role involves assisting with the development of training programs and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
<br />
==== Business Development Officer ====<br />
The Business Development Officer supports the CEO in developing the organisation as a business. This role involves running training sessions and group activities, contributing to the growth and sustainability of the organisation, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
<br />
==== Support Systems Officer ====<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
<br />
{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=File:Org_chart_composite_Jun_2026.jpg&diff=639File:Org chart composite Jun 2026.jpg2026-06-17T11:43:07Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: </p>
<hr />
<div>hierarchical org chart for handcrafted with section details and personnel</div>Seymour Jacklinhttps://policy.handcrafted.org.uk/index.php?title=Who_does_what_at_Handcrafted%3F&diff=638Who does what at Handcrafted?2026-06-17T11:24:09Z<p>Seymour Jacklin: Undo revision 637 by Seymour Jacklin (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>We have a diversity of staff and roles within Handcrafted, which enables us to have flexible, tailored approaches to the unique characteristics of different areas of operation as well as suiting individuals to their strengths.<br />
<br />
== Organisational Chart ==<br />
[[File:Handcrafted Organisational Chart Dec 2024.png|border|center|frameless|910x910px]]<br />
[[File:Handcrafted Organisational Chart Aug 2025.png|center|frameless|855x855px]]<br />
<br />
== Who does what? ==<br />
<br />
==== CEO ====<br />
The CEO oversees the entire organisation of Handcrafted, ensuring that all operations align with the mission and strategic goals. This role involves developing new opportunities, expanding our reach, and providing overall leadership and direction.<br />
<br />
==== Operations Director ====<br />
The Operations Director oversees all operations of the organisation, ensuring the effective delivery of housing support and training programs across all hubs. This role involves strategic management and coordination of various teams and services.<br />
<br />
==== Deputy Director of Operations ====<br />
The Deputy Director of Operations manages the operations of a specific hub, often with a focus on complex cases, such as those involving unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They provide strategic oversight and support to ensure everything runs smoothly.<br />
<br />
==== Hub Managers ====<br />
Hub Managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of a specific hub, including the management of housing support and training programs. They ensure that the hub's activities align with our mission providing leadership to the staff within the hub and coordinating day-to-day activities.<br />
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==== Director of Training ====<br />
The Director of Training is responsible for overseeing the design, implementation, and growth of our training programs. This role involves overseeing training at the hubs, where activities include woodwork, cookery, crafts, and customer service training. The Director of Training aligns training programs with our mission to empower people with practical skills, while also developing new opportunities for program expansion, partnerships, and training capacity.<br />
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==== Training Supervisor ====<br />
Training Supervisors run training sessions in specific skill areas (e.g., woodwork or catering), oversee the workshops or training facilities, and deliver training courses. In some cases, the Training Supervisor may also provide some support work for residents.<br />
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==== Housing Support Officer ====<br />
Support Workers provide direct support to residents, helping them with various needs such as housing, mental health, and other personal challenges. In addition, some Support Workers may also deliver training courses in specific areas (e.g., cookery or catering).<br />
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==== Community Development Manager ====<br />
The Community Development Manager manages the operations of a hub with a specific focus on engaging the local community. This includes overseeing housing support, and training programs, and fostering partnerships with local organisations and groups.<br />
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==== Café Manager ====<br />
The Café Manager is responsible for managing our community café in Gateshead, which includes training, supporting, and developing the trainee volunteer team. This role also involves delivering catering training courses and ensuring the smooth operation of the café.<br />
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==== Engage Support Worker ====<br />
Engage Support Workers focus on providing support to specific groups, such as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or young care leavers. They help residents with their personal challenges and, in some cases, deliver specialised training courses.<br />
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==== Training Development Manager ====<br />
The Training Development Manager oversees and develops the training provision across all hubs. This role involves managing training contracts, ensuring the quality of training programs, and leading specific training initiatives.<br />
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==== Training Development Officer ====<br />
The Training Development Officer assists the Training Development Manager in developing and delivering training programs. This role includes running training sessions, overseeing workshops, and supporting the continuous improvement of training offerings.<br />
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==== Women’s Work Coordinator ====<br />
The Women’s Work Coordinator manages and develops programs specifically aimed at supporting women. This role includes organising specialist training courses, running support groups, and ensuring that the needs of women within the organisation are met.<br />
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==== Training Assistant ====<br />
The Training Assistant supports the Women’s Work Coordinator and other training staff by helping to run training sessions and courses. This role involves assisting with the development of training programs and supporting the delivery of hands-on training.<br />
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==== Business Development Officer ====<br />
The Business Development Officer supports the CEO in developing the organisation as a business. This role involves running training sessions and group activities, contributing to the growth and sustainability of the organisation, and, in some cases, providing support work or leading community initiatives, such as café shifts.<br />
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==== Support Systems Officer ====<br />
The Support Systems Officer is responsible for managing and improving Handcrafted's electronic systems related to client records, human resources, housing, and finance. This role involves ensuring data accuracy, improving user interfaces, and compiling reports to support Handcrafted's operations and growth. Additionally, they maintain social-impact measurement tools, create solutions to integrate various aspects of our work and ensure the security of confidential information.<br />
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{{Overview}}</div>Seymour Jacklin